Journal
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
Volume 152, Issue 1, Pages 20-32Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.02.067
Keywords
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; adult respiratory distress syndrome; extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; cardiogenic shock; systematic review
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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides days to weeks of support for patients with respiratory, cardiac, or combined cardiopulmonary failure. Since ECMO was first reported in 1974, nearly 70,000 runs of ECMO have been implemented, and the use of ECMO in adults increased by more than 400% from 2006 to 2011 in the United States. A variety of factors, including the 2009 influenza A epidemic, results from recent clinical trials, and improvements in ECMO technology, have motivated this increased use in adults. Because ECMO is increasingly becoming available to a diverse population of critically ill patients, we provide an overview of its fundamental principles and a systematic review of the evidence basis of this treatment modality for a variety of indications in adults.
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