Journal
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
Volume 572, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.170624
Keywords
Voltage-controlled MRAM; Write error; Retention error
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Voltage controlled magnetoresistive random access memory (VC MRAM) is a promising candidate for future low-power high-density memory. The two main causes of bit errors in VC MRAM are write error and retention error. As the size of the memory cell decreases, the data retention time decreases, resulting in a transition from the write-error-dominant region to the retention-error-dominant region. The characteristic time of this transition is analyzed in relation to the effective anisotropy constant, K-0.
Voltage controlled magnetoresistive random access memory (VC MRAM) is a promising candidate for a future low-power high-density memory. The main causes of bit errors in VC MRAM are write error and retention error. As the size of the memory cell decreases, the data retention time decreases, which causes a transition from the write-error-dominant region to the retention-error-dominant region at a certain operating time. Here we introduce the characteristic time of the transition from the write-error-dominant region to the retention-error-dominant region and analyze how the characteristic time depends on the effective anisotropy constant, K-0. The characteristic time is approximately expressed as t(c) = 2 w tau, where w is the write error rate, and tau is the relaxation time derived by Kalmkov (2004). We show that for large K-0, t(c) increases with increase of K-0 similar to tau. The characteristic time is a key parameter for designing the VC MRAM for the variety of applications such as machine learning and artificial intelligence.
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