Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 446, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130628
Keywords
Anaerobic digestion; Conductive material; Antimicrobial resistance; Antibiotic resistance genes; Horizontal gene transfer
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The urgent need to reduce the environmental burden of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become even more apparent as efforts are made globally to tackle the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Sewage sludge and animal manure contain concerning levels of ARGs, and their inadequate attenuation during conventional anaerobic digestion compromises the safety of the nutrient-rich digestate commonly recycled to agricultural land. This review discusses the potential use of carbon-and iron-based conductive materials (CMs) as additives to mitigate the proliferation of ARGs.
The urgent need to reduce the environmental burden of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become even more apparent as concerted efforts are made globally to tackle the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Con-cerning levels of ARGs abound in sewage sludge and animal manure, and their inadequate attenuation during conventional anaerobic digestion (AD) compromises the safety of the digestate, a nutrient-rich by-product of AD commonly recycled to agricultural land for improvement of soil quality. Exogenous ARGs introduced into the natural environment via the land application of digestate can be transferred from innocuous environmental bacteria to clinically relevant bacteria by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and may eventually reach humans through food, water, and air. This review, therefore, discusses the prospects of using carbon-and iron-based conductive materials (CMs) as additives to mitigate the proliferation of ARGs during the AD of sewage sludge and animal manure. The review spotlights the core mechanisms underpinning the influence of CMs on the resistome profile, the steps to maximize ARG attenuation using CMs, and the current knowledge gaps. Data and information gathered indicate that CMs can profoundly reduce the abundance of ARGs in the digestate by easing selective pressure on ARGs, altering microbial community structure, and diminishing HGT.
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