Visible light induced degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid using iodine deficient bismuth oxyiodide photocatalyst

A bismuth oxyiodide photocatalyst having coexistent iodine deficient phases viz. Bi4O5I2 and Bi5O7I was prepared by using a solvothermal method followed by calcination process. This has been used for the degradation of model perfluoroalkyl acids such as perfluorooctanoic acid at low concentrations (1 ppm) under simulated solar light irradiation. 94% PFOA degradation with a rate constant of 1.7 h-1 and 65% defluorination of PFOA have been achieved following 2 h of photocatalysis. The degradation of PFOA happened by the parallel direct redox reactions with high energy photoexcited electrons at the conduction band, electrons in iodine vacancies and superoxide radicals. The degradation intermediates were analyzed by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry in the negative mode. The catalyst was converted to a more iodine deficient Bi5O7I phase during photocatalysis following creation of iodine vacancies, some of which were compensated by the fluoride ions released from degraded PFOA.

Automated summary

A bismuth oxyiodide photocatalyst with coexistent iodine deficient phases was prepared and used for the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid at low concentrations under simulated solar light irradiation. High rates of PFOA degradation and defluorination were achieved through parallel redox reactions with photoexcited electrons and superoxide radicals. The catalyst transformed into a more iodine deficient phase during photocatalysis.