3,5-bis(styryl)pyrazole inhibits mitosis and induces cell death independent of BubR1 and p53 levels by depolymerizing microtubules

Here, we show that 3,5-bis[(1E)-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)ethenyl]-1H-pyrazole 2l depolymerizes microtubules and reduces the number of growing tips of microtubules. The fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiment in live MCF-7 cells showed that pyrazole 2l suppresses spindle microtubule dynamics. Further, the compound inhibits chromosome movements, activates the spindle assembly checkpoint and blocks mitosis in MCF-7 cells. Pyrazole 2l treatment induced cell death in a variety of pathways. Pyrazole 2l induces cell death independent of BubR1 and p53 levels of MCF-7 cells upon microtubule depolymerization. Further, pyrazole 2l increases the interaction between NF-?B and microtubules and enhances the nuclear localization of NF-?B at its half-maximal proliferation inhibitory concentration while a high concentration of the compound reduced the nuclear localization of NF-?B. Interestingly, the compound exerted significantly stronger antiproliferative effects in cancerous cells than in non-cancerous cells. The results indicated that pyrazole 2l inhibits mitosis by targeting microtubules, induces several types of cell death stimuli and suggests its potential as a lead in developing anticancer agent.

Automated summary

In this study, it was found that 3,5-bis[(1E)-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)ethenyl]-1H-pyrazole 2l depolymerizes microtubules and reduces their growing tips. Pyrazole 2l treatment inhibits chromosome movements, activates the spindle assembly checkpoint, and blocks mitosis in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, it induces cell death through various pathways and exhibits stronger antiproliferative effects in cancerous cells compared to non-cancerous cells.