Advances in the study of genetic factors and clinical interventions for fertilization failure

Fertilization failure refers to the failure in the pronucleus formation, evaluating 16-18 h post in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. It can be caused by sperm, oocytes, and sperm-oocyte interaction and lead to great financial and physical stress to the patients. Recent advancements in genetics, molecular biology, and clinical-assisted reproductive technology have greatly enhanced research into the causes and treatment of fertilization failure. Here, we review the causes that have been reported to lead to fertilization failure in fertilization processes, including the sperm acrosome reaction, penetration of the cumulus and zona pellucida, recognition and fusion of the sperm and oocyte membranes, oocyte activation, and pronucleus formation. Additionally, we summarize the progress of corresponding treatment methods of fertilization failure. This review will provide the latest research advances in the genetic aspects of fertilization failure and will benefit both researchers and clinical practitioners in reproduction and genetics.

Automated summary

Fertilization failure refers to the failure in pronucleus formation after 16-18 hours of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, which can be caused by various factors such as sperm, oocytes, and sperm-oocyte interaction. Recent advancements in genetics, molecular biology, and clinical-assisted reproductive technology have greatly contributed to the understanding and treatment of fertilization failure. This review provides an overview of the causes and treatment methods for fertilization failure, highlighting the latest research advances in the genetic aspects of this condition.