Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 71, Issue 11, Pages 4458-4465Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03790
Keywords
bioaccumulation factor; PFAS; fungi; mushroom; organic pollutants; biogas digestate; Agaricus subrufescens; Agaricus bisporus; circular economy
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The uptake of PFAS in mushrooms was investigated, and it was found that the accumulation was low and chain-length dependent. This is the first study of the uptake of emerging and ultra-short chain PFAS in mushrooms, and the results indicate very low accumulation.
Uptake of 19 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including C3-C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), C4, C6, and C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), and four emerging PFAS, was investigated in two mushroom species (Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus subrufescens) cultivated in a biogas digestate-based substrate. Accumulation of PFAS in mushrooms was low and strongly chain-length dependent. Among the different PFCAs, bioaccumulation factors (log BAFs) decreased from a maximum of -0.3 for perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA; C3) to a minimum of -3.1 for perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA; C7), with only minor changes from PFHpA to perfluorotridecanoate (PFTriDA; C13). For PFSAs, log BAFs decreased from perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS; -2.2) to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; -3.1) while mushroom uptake was not observed for the alternatives 3H-perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxy-propoxy)propanoic acid] (ADONA) and two chlorinated polyfluoro ether sulfonates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the uptake of emerging and ultra-short chain PFAS in mushrooms, and generally the results indicate very low accumulation of PFAS.
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