Lactate secreted via MCT4 from bone-colonizing breast cancer excites sensory neurons via GPR81

Breast cancer (BC) bone metastasis causes bone pain (BP), which detrimentally damages the quality of life and outcome of patients with BC. However, the mechanism of BC-BP is poorly understood, and effective treatments are limited. The present study demonstrated a novel mechanism of BC-BP using a mouse model of bone pain, in which mouse (EO771) and human (MDA-MB-231) BC cells were injected in the bone marrow cavity of tibiae. Western blot analysis using sensory nerves, in vivo assessment of cancer pain and in vitro calcium flux analysis were performed. These mice developed progressive BC-BP in tibiae in conjunction with an upregulation of phosphorylated pERK1/2 and cAMP-response element-binding protein (pCREB), which are molecular indicators of neuron excitation, in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of sensory nerves. Importantly, mice injected with BC cells, in which the expression of the lactic acid transporter monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) was silenced, exhibited decreased BC-BP with downregulated expression of pERK1/2 and pCREB in the DRG and reduced circulating levels of lactate compared with mice injected with parental BC cells. Further, silencing of the cell-surface orphan receptor for lactate, G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81), in the F11 sensory neuron cells decreased lactate-promoted upregulation of pERK1/2 and Ca2+ influx, suggesting that the sensory neuron excitation was inhibited. These results suggested that lactate released from BC cells via MCT4 induced BC-BP through the activation of GPR81 of sensory neurons. In conclusion, the activation of GPR81 of sensory neurons by lactate released via MCT4 from BC was demonstrated to contribute to the induction of BC-BP, and disruption of the interactions among lactate, MCT4 and GPR81 may be a novel approach to control BC-BP.

Automated summary

Breast cancer bone metastasis causes bone pain and the mechanism behind it is poorly understood. This study used a mouse model and found that lactate released from breast cancer cells through MCT4 activates GPR81 in sensory neurons, contributing to the induction of breast cancer bone pain. Silencing MCT4 and GPR81 reduced bone pain and the expression of molecular indicators of neuron excitation in sensory neurons.