Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 24, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076150
Keywords
alginate; bioactive glass nanoparticle; scaffold; strontium; zinc
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The global population is increasingly aging, leading to tissue disorder and organ dysfunction, especially in regards to bone-related injuries. The demand for alternative bone replacement materials has grown, with alginate showing potential as a cell scaffold for bone tissue engineering due to its high bio-compatibility. Incorporating zinc- and strontium-containing sol-gel-derived bioactive glass nanoparticles (Zn-Sr-BGNPs) into alginate scaffolds can improve their bioactivity. The synthesized Zn-Sr-BGNPs have a high surface-to-volume ratio, resulting in faster degradation and the release of therapeutic bivalent ions that strengthen the cell scaffold and stimulate bone cell production. The composition of the Zn-Sr-BGNPs and their ratio in the scaffolds impact the physical and biological properties of the composite scaffolds.
The global population is growing older and entering an aging society. Aging results in severe tissue disorder and organ dysfunction. Bone-related injuries are particularly significant. The need for alternative bone replacement materials for human implants has grown over the past few decades. Alginate has the potential for use as a cell scaffold for bone tissue engineering due to its high bio-compatibility. To improve the bioactivity of alginate scaffolds, zinc- and strontium-containing sol-gel-derived bioactive glass nanoparticles (Zn-Sr-BGNPs) with sizes ranging from 100 to l40 nm were incorporated. Zn-Sr-BGNPs synthesized through the sol-gel process have a high sur-face-to-volume ratio, homogeneity, and purity, resulting in faster degradation. The therapeutic bivalent ions released from Zn-Sr-BGNPs strengthen the cell scaffold and improve the stimulation of the production and development of bone cells. Zn-Sr-BGNPs with different Zn to Si nominal ratios of 0, 1, and 1.5 were mixed with alginate in this research. The ratio of Zn in Zn-Sr-BGNPs and the ratio of Zn-Sr-BGNPs in scaffolds impact the pore size, swelling, and biological properties of synthesized composite scaffolds. The surface area and pore volume of a 1:1 1Zn-Sr-BGNP:Alg composite scaffold were 22.58 m(2)/g and 0.055 cm(3)/g, respectively. The incorporation of Zn-Sr-BGNPs improved the mechanical performance of the scaffolds up to 4.73 +/- 0.48 MPa. The swelling rate decreased slightly from 2.12 (pure Alg) to 1.50 (1Zn-Sr-BGNP:Alg (1:1)). The 1Zn-Sr-BGNP:Alg (1:1) composite scaffold promoted bioactivity through apatite layer formation, increased bone cell proliferation via the dissolution products released from the scaffold, enhanced calcium deposition, and facilitated cell attachment. Thus, 1Zn-Sr-BGNP:Alg (1:1) composite scaffold is proposed as a possible artificial bone scaffold in bone tissue regeneration.
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