In Search of the Holy Grail: Stem Cell Therapy as a Novel Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Heart failure, a leading cause of hospitalizations and deaths, is a major clinical problem. In recent years, the increasing incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been observed. Despite extensive research, there is no efficient treatment for HFpEF available. However, a growing body of evidence suggests stem cell transplantation, due to its immunomodulatory effect, may decrease fibrosis and improve microcirculation and therefore, could be the first etiology-based therapy of the disease. In this review, we explain the complex pathogenesis of HFpEF, delineate the beneficial effects of stem cells in cardiovascular therapy, and summarize the current knowledge concerning cell therapy in diastolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we identify outstanding knowledge gaps that may indicate directions for future clinical studies.

Automated summary

Heart failure is a major clinical problem and the increasing incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been observed. Despite extensive research, there is currently no efficient treatment for HFpEF. However, stem cell transplantation, due to its immunomodulatory effect, shows potential as an etiology-based therapy. In this review, we explain the complex pathogenesis of HFpEF, discuss the beneficial effects of stem cells in cardiovascular therapy, and summarize the current knowledge concerning cell therapy in diastolic dysfunction. Moreover, outstanding knowledge gaps are identified, suggesting directions for future clinical studies.