Dimethylglycine Can Enhance the Cryopreservation of Red Blood Cells by Reducing Ice Formation and Oxidative Damage

The cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) holds great potential for ensuring timely blood transfusions and maintaining an adequate RBC inventory. The conventional cryoprotectants (CPAs) have a lot of limitations, and there is an obvious need for novel, efficient, and biocompatible CPAs. Here, it is shown for the first time that the addition of dimethylglycine (DMG) improved the thawed RBC recovery from 11.55 +/- 1.40% to 72.15 +/- 1.22%. We found that DMG could reduce the mechanical damage by inhibiting ice formation and recrystallization during cryopreservation. DMG can also scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities to decrease oxidative damage during cryopreservation. Furthermore, the properties of thawed RBCs were found to be similar to the fresh RBCs in the control. Finally, the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was used to compare the performance of glycerol (Gly), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and DMG in cryopreservation, and DMG exhibited the best efficiency. This work confirms the use of DMG as a novel CPA for cryopreservation of RBCs and may promote clinical transfusion therapy.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates that the addition of dimethylglycine (DMG) improves the recovery rate of thawed red blood cells (RBCs) and reduces mechanical and oxidative damage. The properties of thawed RBCs remain similar to fresh RBCs. By using the TOPSIS method, DMG is identified as the most efficient cryoprotectant among glycerol (Gly), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and DMG. DMG can serve as a novel cryoprotectant for RBC cryopreservation and potentially enhance clinical transfusion therapy.