Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Investigation of the Platinum(IV) Tolfenamato Prodrug-Resolving Cisplatin-Resistance in Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines

The research on the anticancer potential of platinum(IV) complexes represents one strategy to circumvent the deficits of approved platinum(II) drugs. Regarding the role of inflammation during carcinogenesis, the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ligands on the cytotoxicity of platinum(IV) complexes is of special interest. The synthesis of cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-based platinum(IV) complexes with four different NSAID ligands is presented in this work. Nine platinum(IV) complexes were synthesized and characterized by use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (H-1, C-13, Pt-195, F-19), high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The cytotoxic activity of eight compounds was evaluated for two isogenic pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Platinum(IV) fenamato complexes with a cisplatin core showed especially high in vitro cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines. The most promising complex, 7, was further analyzed for its stability in different buffer solutions and behavior in cell cycle and cell death experiments. Compound 7 induces a strong cytostatic effect and cell line-dependent early apoptotic or late necrotic cell death processes. Gene expression analysis suggests that compound 7 acts through a stress-response pathway integrating p21, CHOP, and ATF3.

Automated summary

The research explores the anticancer potential of platinum(IV) complexes and investigates the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ligands on their cytotoxicity. The synthesis and characterization of nine platinum(IV) complexes are presented, and their cytotoxic activity is evaluated against ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The most promising complex, Compound 7, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis or necrosis in a cell line-dependent manner, acting through a stress response pathway involving p21, CHOP, and ATF3 genes.