Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 24, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119231
Keywords
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antibodies; multiple sclerosis; vaccination; immune response
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This review examines the impact of COVID-19 on patients with autoimmunological disorder, specifically those with multiple sclerosis (MS). It found that MS patients have a similar risk, symptoms, and mortality rate compared to the general population when infected with COVID-19. Factors such as comorbidities, male sex, higher disability level, and older age contribute to a more severe course of COVID-19 in MS patients. Additionally, the use of disease-modifying therapies may affect the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
When the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared, it was unknown what impact it would have on the condition of patients with autoimmunological disorders. Attention was focused on the course of infection in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), specially treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) or glucocorticoids. The impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the occurrence of MS relapses or pseudo-relapses was important. This review focuses on the risk, symptoms, course, and mortality of COVID-19 as well as immune response to vaccinations against COVID-19 in patients with MS (PwMS). We searched the PubMed database according to specific criteria. PwMS have the risk of infection, hospitalization, symptoms, and mortality due to COVID-19, mostly similar to the general population. The presence of comorbidities, male sex, a higher degree of disability, and older age increase the frequency and severity of the COVID-19 course in PwMS. For example, it was reported that anti-CD20 therapy is probably associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. After SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, MS patients acquire humoral and cellular immunity, but the degree of immune response depends on applied DMTs. Additional studies are necessary to corroborate these findings. However, indisputably, some PwMS need special attention within the context of COVID-19.
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