Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 24, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054861
Keywords
T3; T4; NAFLD; energy metabolism; deiodinase; cholesterol; lipid metabolism
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This comprehensive review summarizes the effects of nutritional intervention and thyroid hormones on liver metabolism, specifically focusing on glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism. Understanding these complex regulatory networks can potentially aid in the development of treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis involving thyroid hormone mimetics.
The energy homeostasis of the organism is orchestrated by a complex interplay of energy substrate shuttling, breakdown, storage, and distribution. Many of these processes are interconnected via the liver. Thyroid hormones (TH) are well known to provide signals for the regulation of energy homeostasis through direct gene regulation via their nuclear receptors acting as transcription factors. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the effects of nutritional intervention like fasting and diets on the TH system. In parallel, we detail direct effects of TH in liver metabolic pathways with regards to glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism. This overview on hepatic effects of TH provides the basis for understanding the complex regulatory network and its translational potential with regards to currently discussed treatment options of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involving TH mimetics.
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