Human Polβ Natural Polymorphic Variants G118V and R149I Affects Substate Binding and Catalysis

DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) expression is essential for the cell's response to DNA damage that occurs during natural cellular processes. Pol beta is considered the main reparative DNA polymerase, whose role is to fill the DNA gaps arising in the base excision repair pathway. Mutations in Pol beta can lead to cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or premature aging. Many single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in the POLB gene, but the consequences of these polymorphisms are not always clear. It is known that some polymorphic variants in the Pol beta sequence reduce the efficiency of DNA repair, thereby raising the frequency of mutations in the genome. In the current work, we studied two polymorphic variants (G118V and R149I separately) of human Pol beta that affect its DNA-binding region. It was found that each amino acid substitution alters Pol beta's affinity for gapped DNA. Each polymorphic variant also weakens its binding affinity for dATP. The G118V variant was found to greatly affect Pol beta's ability to fill gapped DNA and slowed the catalytic rate as compared to the wild-type enzyme. Thus, these polymorphic variants seem to decrease the ability of Pol beta to maintain base excision repair efficiency.

Automated summary

The expression of DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta) is essential for the cell's response to DNA damage. Mutations in Pol beta can lead to cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, or premature aging. Some polymorphic variants in the Pol beta sequence reduce the efficiency of DNA repair, increasing the frequency of mutations in the genome. In this study, two polymorphic variants (G118V and R149I) were found to affect Pol beta's DNA-binding region, weakening its ability to maintain base excision repair efficiency.