Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 24, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044115
Keywords
obesity; type 2 diabetes; insulin resistance; afamin; plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1; retinol binding protein 4; lipid metabolism; lipoprotein subfraction; cardiometabolic
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Altered organokine expression contributes to increased cardiometabolic risk in obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum afamin with glucose homeostasis, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and other adipokines in severe obesity to clarify the early metabolic alterations. The results showed that afamin and PAI-1 were significantly higher in obese subjects compared to controls, while RBP4 was unexpectedly lower. Afamin was negatively correlated with mean LDL size and RBP4, but positively correlated with anthropometric, glucose/lipid parameters, and PAI-1. BMI, glucose, intermediate HDL, and small HDL were predictors of afamin. This suggests that afamin may serve as a biomarker for the severity of cardiometabolic disturbances in obesity and draws attention to the diverse spectrum of obesity-related comorbidities.
Altered organokine expression contributes to increased cardiometabolic risk in obesity. Our aim was to evaluate the associations of serum afamin with glucose homeostasis, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and other adipokines in severe obesity to clarify the early metabolic alterations. 106 non-diabetic obese (NDO) subjects and 62 obese patients with type 2 diabetes matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were enrolled in this study. We compared their data with 49 healthy, lean controls. Serum afamin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), as well as plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were measured with ELISA, and lipoprotein subfractions were analyzed using Lipoprint gel electrophoresis. Afamin and PAI-1 found to be significantly higher in the NDO and T2M group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) than in the controls. In contrast, RBP4 was unexpectedly lower in the NDO and T2DM group compared to controls (p < 0.001). Afamin showed negative correlations with mean LDL size and RBP4, but positive correlations with anthropometric, glucose/lipid parameters, and PAI-1 in both the overall patients and the in NDO + T2DM groups. BMI, glucose, intermediate HDL, and small HDL were predictors of afamin. Afamin may serve as a biomarker for the severity of cardiometabolic disturbances in obesity. The complexity of organokine patterns in NDO subjects draws attention to the diverse spectrum of obesity-related comorbidities.
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