Mathematical modeling of thermophysical behavior of carbon nanotube nanofluid through porous container for mechanical systems with gradient influences

A mathematical theory was developed to simulate how magnetic force causes hybrid nanopowder to move through space. This numerical approach was created by combining the FEM and FVM, and triangular elements were used to create the grid. Iron oxide and MWCNT mixture were dispersed in water, and the hybrid nanomaterial's properties were assessed using earlier empirical formulas. Gravity force can participate in the phenomena because there is a hot, wavy wall on the bottom side. Radiation flux impact was added, and different permeability spaces were used. A counterclockwise eddy is formed inside the domain as an output of gravity force and with the increase of Da, it divides into two vortexes. Additionally, increasing Da causes about a 75% increase in eddy power and increases iso-temperature distortions. The velocity decreases by between 82.5% and 90% as Lorentz terms are considered for flow equations, depending on the amount of Da. When Ra is taken into account at Da=10-2, Ha=60, Nu increases by about 27.75%. When Ha=0, Nu increases by about 10.59% as permeability increases. With the use of MHD, Nu decreases by 43.26% when Ra and permeability are at their highest points.

Automated summary

A mathematical theory was developed to simulate the movement of hybrid nanopowder in space under the influence of magnetic force. The numerical approach combined the FEM and FVM, with triangular elements creating the grid. The properties of a hybrid nanomaterial consisting of iron oxide and MWCNT dispersed in water were assessed using empirical formulas. The study found that gravity force and radiation flux impact play a role in the phenomena, causing the formation of vortexes and impacting velocity and temperature distortions. The inclusion of Lorentz terms and consideration of factors like Da and Ra further affected the flow dynamics.