Confinement effect of network-structured carbon dots/cellulose nanofiber/magnesium hydroxide for enhanced heavy metal ions capture and immobilization

To solve pollution problem of heavy metal ions (HMIs) and recover them for sustainable development, a highefficient-sewage treatment agent, carbon dots/cellulose nanofiber/Mg(OH)2 (CCMg), has been fabricated via a simple hydrothermal method. A variety of characterizations show that cellulose nanofiber (CNF) formed a layered-net structure. Hexagonal Mg(OH)2 flakes of about 100 nm has been attached on CNF. Carbon dots (CDs) around 10-20 nm in size were produced from CNF and distributed along CNF. The extraordinary structural feature endows CCMg with high removal performance towards HMIs. The up-taken capacities reach 992.8 and 667.3 mg g-1 for Cd2+ and Cu2+, respectively. The composite bears excellent durability in treating wastewater. Notably, the qualification of the drinking water can be satisfied while applying CCMg to handle Cu2+ wastewater. The mechanism of removal process has been proposed. Practically, Cd2+/Cu2+ ions were immobilized by CNF due to the space confinement effect. It achieves the facile separation and recovery of HMIs from the sewage, and more importantly, eliminates the risk of secondary contamination.

Automated summary

A high-efficient sewage treatment agent, carbon dots/cellulose nanofiber/Mg(OH)2 (CCMg), has been developed through a simple hydrothermal method to solve the pollution problem of heavy metal ions (HMIs) and promote sustainable development. The unique structural features of CCMg, including the layered-net structure of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) with attached hexagonal Mg(OH)2 flakes and distributed carbon dots (CDs), enable high removal performance towards HMIs. The up-taken capacities of CCMg for Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions reach 992.8 and 667.3 mg g-1, respectively. It also exhibits excellent durability in wastewater treatment while satisfying the qualification of drinking water when applied for Cu2+ wastewater.