Journal
JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
Volume 97, Issue 6, Pages 1351-1406Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0025315416000655
Keywords
sponges; Demospongiae; Polymastiidae; morphological affinities; new species
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Funding
- Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre, Artsdatabanken [70184219]
- Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences
- Beaufort Marine Biodiscovery Programme
- Beaufort Marine Biodiscovery Research Award under the Sea Change Strategy
- Strategy for Science Technology and Innovation
- Marine Institute
- Marine Research Sub-Programme of the National Development Plan
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- SYNTHESYS Project - European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 Integrating Activities Programme
- European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme [679848]
- University of Bergen
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All polymastiid sponges displaying ornamented exotyles are reviewed and their morphological affinities are reconsidered. The study embraces all known species of Proteleia, Sphaerotylus, Trachyteleia and Tylexocladus as well as several species of Polymastia. A new genus, Koltunia, is established for the Antarctic species Proteleia burtoni based on the unique shape of distal ornamentations of its giant exotyles and on the absence of a spicule palisade in its cortex, a rare feature among the polymastiids. Three new species of Sphaerotylus are described - S. renoufi from the British Isles, S. strobilis from South Africa and S. tjalfei from West Greenland. Transfer of one New Zealand species from Polymastia to Proteleia and of one Chilean species from Polymastia to Sphaerotylus is proposed. The present study provides a background for future integrative phylogenetic analyses based on comprehensive molecular and morphological datasets which should reveal the natural relationships between the polymastiid taxa.
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