4.6 Article

A Thermoelectric Energy-Harvesting Interface With Dual-Conversion Reconfigurable DC-DC Converter and Instantaneous Linear Extrapolation MPPT Method

Journal

IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
Volume 58, Issue 6, Pages 1706-1718

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2022.3214839

Keywords

DC-DC converter; energy harvesting; maximum power point tracking (MPPT); thermoelectric generator (TEG); wireless sensor node (WSN)

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This article presents a TE energy-harvesting interface with a reconfigurable dc-dc converter and a time-based ILE MPPT method. The proposed interface achieves high efficiency and stable energy extraction performance.
This article presents a thermoelectric (TE) energy-harvesting interface with a reconfigurable dc-dc converter and a time-based instantaneous linear extrapolation (ILE) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. The proposed reconfigurable dc-dc converter comprises five switches for buck-boost operation and an additional switch for a dual-conversion mode in which battery power and TE generator (TEG) power are extracted in one cycle; therefore, the improved power density is achieved. The proposed ILE MPPT algorithm does not require TEG disconnection from the dc-dc converter, ensuring continuous TE energy extraction. The proposed MPPT method modulates the open-circuit voltage of TEG by performing linear extrapolation with a fully integrated circuit based on the steady-state voltage ripple information. The proposed interface is fabricated using a 180-nm CMOS process. The peak end-to-end efficiency of 90.48% is achieved with 0.2-V input voltage. The MPPT errors are measured up to 2.0% for the input capacitance variation and up to 1.067% for the equivalent resistance of TEG variation.

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