Integrating Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks: 3D Opportunities and Challenges

Integrating terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks has the potential of connecting the unconnected and enhancing the user experience for the already-connected, with technological and societal implications of the greatest long-term significance. A convergence of ground, air, and space wireless communications also represents a formidable endeavor for the mobile and satellite communications industries alike, as it entails defining and intelligently orchestrating a new 3D wireless network architecture. In this article, we present the key opportunities and challenges arising from this revolution by presenting some of its disruptive use cases and key building blocks, reviewing the relevant standardization activities, and pointing to open research problems. By considering two multi-operator paradigms, we also showcase how terrestrial networks could be efficiently re-engineered to cater for aerial services, or opportunistically complemented by non-terrestrial infrastructure to augment their current capabilities.

Automated summary

Integrating terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks has significant implications for both technological and societal development, with potential to connect the unconnected and enhance user experience. This convergence of ground, air, and space wireless communications poses challenges for the mobile and satellite industries, requiring the establishment of a new 3D wireless network architecture. This article explores the opportunities, challenges, and research problems associated with this revolution, showcasing how terrestrial networks can be re-engineered to accommodate aerial services or complemented by non-terrestrial infrastructure.