Journal
IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS
Volume 22, Issue 3, Pages 546-550Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2022.3217561
Keywords
Avalanche photodiodes; Antenna measurements; Antennas; Dipole antennas; Finite difference methods; Antenna arrays; Probes; Absorbed power density (APD); electromagnetic safety; millimeter wave; wireless communication
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This study showed the increase of absorbed/epithelial power density (APD/EPD) due to antenna/body interaction using full-wave simulations, and proposed a hybrid method combining spherical near-field measurement and numerical simulation to assess the exposure dose in human body. The proposed method gives an accurate estimation of the upper bound of the area-averaged APD with relative differences < 28% compared to full-wave simulated results at 30 GHz for various antenna arrays. It eliminates the need for specific measurement equipment and can be utilized as an efficient method for electromagnetic safety assessment.
The international guidelines and standard specified the area-averaged absorbed/epithelial power density (APD/EPD) as the basic restriction at frequencies above 6 GHz. Assessment methods for APD are current under the consideration of standardization organizations. In this study, we first showed the enhancement of the APD due to the antenna/body interaction using full-wave simulations. We then proposed a hybrid method combining the spherical near-field measurement and numerical simulation of the exposure dose in human body, using an equivalent source reconstructed on the total field/scattered field boundary using the spherical wave expansion to plane wave expansion. By comparing with the full-wave simulated APD at 30 GHz for various antenna arrays, the proposed method gives a rather accurate estimation of the upper bound of the area-averaged APD (with relative differences < 28%). It can be utilized as an efficient method for electromagnetic safety assessment as the need for specific measurement equipment is eliminated.
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