4.3 Editorial Material

Introduction to the special issue on: A new view of hippocampal area CA2

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Neurosciences

Environmental enrichment and social isolation modulate inhibitory transmission and plasticity in hippocampal area CA2

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Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal area CA2. The research found that inhibitory transmission in the CA2 region of mice housed in an enriched environment was less plastic compared to mice housed in a standard environment. The study also showed that delta-opioid receptor-mediated plasticity was reduced in enriched environment conditions, and overall levels of GABA transmission were decreased. Additionally, the effect of the environment on synaptic plasticity could be rapidly reversed by social isolation.

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Summary: RGS14 is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that is highly expressed in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal area CA2. It plays important roles in regulating synaptic plasticity and postsynaptic signaling, and may be involved in behaviors such as spatial learning, object memory, and fear conditioning. RGS14 is also expressed in the limbic system and basal ganglia, and may have functions in regulating plasticity and behaviors related to emotion and motivation.

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Integration of the CA2 region in the hippocampal network during epileptogenesis

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Summary: The CA2 pyramidal cells in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis show increased excitability and are integrated into the epileptic hippocampal network via mossy fiber sprouting. Our study suggests that CA2 plays an important role in the epileptic network and may serve as a possible router for aberrant activity.

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CA2 orchestrates hippocampal network dynamics

Azahara Oliva et al.

Summary: The hippocampus is composed of different subregions, and CA2 has recently gained attention for its unique properties and functional roles. Recent studies utilizing new genetic and physiological tools have revealed the involvement of CA2 in social behaviors and memory. Evidence suggests that CA2 plays a role in coordinating hippocampal network dynamics.

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Behavioral status modulates CA2 influence on hippocampal network dynamics

Hongshen He et al.

Summary: Dynamic interactions between the subregions of the hippocampus are necessary for memory encoding and consolidation. This study focuses on understanding the role of the CA2 region in hippocampal dynamics. By using chemogenetics to silence CA2 pyramidal cells, the researchers found that CA2 influences hippocampal synchronization and network activity during rest and new learning. The findings also suggest that CA2 is important for the excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells during pausing. Overall, these results provide novel insights into the distinct contributions of CA2 in regulating hippocampal dynamics.

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New hues for CA2

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Postnatal development of hippocampal CA2 structure and function during the emergence of social recognition of peers

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Summary: The hippocampal CA2 region plays a crucial role in social recognition memory and social preference in mice. The CA2 is involved in the emergence of novelty preference for peers during development and the ability to distinguish never encountered peers from recently encountered ones. Additionally, the afferent connectivity of the CA2 region partially matures by the end of the second postnatal week, facilitating the development of social recognition memory and preference for novel peers.

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Further refining the boundaries of the hippocampus CA2 with gene expression and connectivity: Potential subregions and heterogeneous cell types

Michael S. S. Bienkowski

Summary: The definition of hippocampal area CA2 has evolved with the discovery of specific CA2 gene expression markers. The anatomical boundaries of the CA2 have expanded across the hippocampal axis, but there is inconsistency in delineating its full extent. The Hippocampus Gene Expression Atlas provides a comprehensive map of gene expression domains, including CA2, and can be used to identify potential subregions.

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Morphological and molecular markers of mouse area CA2 along the proximodistal and dorsoventral hippocampal axes

Daniel Radzicki et al.

Summary: Hippocampal area CA2 is a distinct region of the hippocampus that can be defined by molecular markers. Some commonly used markers are better suited for defining the border between CA2/3 and CA2/1. In addition, there are fewer complex spines in CA2 compared to CA3.

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Layer-specific mitochondrial diversity across hippocampal CA2 dendrites

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Summary: CA2 is a critical subregion of the hippocampus for social memory, and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex is selectively enriched in CA2. MCU-enriched mitochondria in CA2 dendrites are larger compared to neighboring regions, and MCU can be differentially localized within dendrites. These findings indicate the molecular and structural diversity of mitochondria across hippocampal cell types and circuits.

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Atypical perineuronal nets in the CA2 region interfere with social memory in a mouse model of social dysfunction

Elise C. Cope et al.

Summary: The study identified multiple cellular and extracellular abnormalities in the CA2 region of BTBR mice, including reduced abGCs, pyramidal cell dendritic spines, microglia, and astrocytes, as well as atypical PNNs. Restoring PNNs to control levels partially restored social memory function in BTBR mice.

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Sequential inhibitory plasticities in hippocampal area CA2 and social memory formation

Maithe Loisy et al.

Summary: This study reveals a novel inhibitory plasticity mediated by cannabinoid type 1 receptor activation (CB1R-iLTD) in the CA2 region of the hippocampus, which plays a crucial role in social memory formation. The study also demonstrates that the previous induction of Delta-opioid receptor-mediated long-term depression (DOR-iLTDs) is necessary for the CB1R-iLTD to occur. The findings provide insights into the interplay between inhibitory plasticities and a new mechanism for social memory formation.

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Enhanced excitability of the hippocampal CA2 region and its contribution to seizure activity in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy br

Alexander C. Whitebirch et al.

Summary: This study reveals the role of the hippocampal CA2 region in seizure generation and propagation in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The findings suggest that alterations in CA2 properties can enhance seizure activity and that selective silencing of CA2 pyramidal cells may be a promising therapeutic target for TLE.

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Newborn mice form lasting CA2-dependent memories of their mothers

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Perineuronal net degradation rescues CA2 plasticity in a mouse model of Rett syndrome

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Targeted activation of the hippocampal CA2 area strongly enhances social memory

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