Discovery of Holocene ooid shoals in a siliciclastic delta, De Grey River, North West Shelf, Australia

Onshore and offshore site investigations along the dryland tide-dominated De Grey River delta (northwestern Australia) led to the unexpected discovery of the largest yet-known ma-rine ooid shoals in the Indo-Pacific region. Ooids exhibit up to 60 tangential aragonitic lami-nae that were formed around fluvial sediment grains during the late Holocene. Covering an area >1250 km2, their spatial extent rivals in size individual ooid shoals from the Bahamas. Shoals appear to be spatially linked with the De Grey River, suggesting that fluvial outputs, combined with a macrotidal range, facilitated the precipitation of the ooids. Following their formation, ooids were reworked through tidal and wave processes along the delta. As a re-sult, the delta sedimentary features, including beach ridges, mouth bars, and distributary channels, are composed of ooids. This discovery broadens the range of depositional and climatic environments in which ooids can form and demonstrates that fluvial runoff may not inhibit aragonite precipitation. Such a configuration also provides a unique analogue for ancient ooids found in association with siliciclastic grains and further indicates that the interpretation of typical siliciclastic geomorphologies from geophysical data does not preclude the presence of carbonate grains.

Automated summary

Onshore and offshore site investigations in northwestern Australia led to the discovery of the largest marine ooid shoals in the Indo-Pacific region, formed during the late Holocene. These ooids are spatially linked with the De Grey River and cover an area >1250 km2. The discovery broadens the understanding of ooid formation and highlights the potential presence of carbonate grains in siliciclastic geomorphologies.