Comparative study of the catalytic co-pyrolysis of microalgae (Chlorella Vulgaris) and polypropylene with acid and base catalysts toward valuable chemicals production

Review Agricultural Engineering

Co-pyrolysis of microalgae and other biomass wastes for the production of high-quality bio-oil: Progress and prospective

Guangcan Su et al.

Summary: It has been shown that co-pyrolysis is an effective method for producing high-quality bio-oil, and the yield and quality of bio-oil can be improved by optimizing feedstocks and adding catalysts.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Role of ZSM5 catalyst and char susceptor on the synthesis of chemicals and hydrocarbons from microwave-assisted in-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of algae and plastic wastes

Dadi Suriapparao et al.

Summary: The synergetic effect of co-pyrolysis of algae biomass and synthetic plastics improves the quality of oil produced but affects the generation of gases and coke residue. The use of a catalyst can reduce the viscosity, density, and flash point of the oil, while enriching it with aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Co-pyrolysis of biomass and polyvinyl chloride under microwave irradiation: Distribution of chlorine

Hejie Yu et al.

Summary: Co-pyrolysis of sophora wood and PVC effectively reduces chlorine emissions and promotes chlorine retention in char. Lignin has the most significant effects on reducing gas phase chlorine emission and achieving chlorine immobilization, with chlorine mainly existing in the form of sodium chloride in the char of lignin-PVC co-pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and PVC provides a practical pathway for utilization of PVC waste in an environmentally friendly manner, realizing efficient chlorine retention and significantly reducing chlorine-related emissions.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Co-pyrolysis route of chlorella sp. and bauxite tailings to fabricate metal-biochar as persulfate activator

Kwangsuk Yoon et al.

Summary: This study explores the feasibility of simultaneously producing synthetic gases and metal-biochar catalyst through co-pyrolysis of microalgae and industrial waste. The results show that CO2 atmosphere significantly enhances CO production and the effect is more pronounced when industrial waste is incorporated. The produced metal-biochar has a porous structure and catalytic capability, effectively removing methyl orange. This research is important for utilizing biomass waste for energy production and treating redox active contaminants.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic: Synergistic effects and estimation of elemental composition of pyrolysis oil by analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Federica Nardella et al.

Summary: This paper presents a study on the pyrolytic behavior of mixtures of lignocellulosic biomass with hydrocarbon plastics. The results indicate that synergistic effects during co-pyrolysis have significant impact on the composition and elemental composition of the pyrolysis oils. The changes in H/C and O/C values of the pyrolysis oils suggest that the addition of plastic can improve the quality of the pyrolysis oil.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Thermodynamics

Research progress in the preparation of high-quality liquid fuels and chemicals by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass: A review

Bingbing Qiu et al.

Summary: Considering the pressures of energy and the environment, utilizing biomass as a renewable resource to obtain hydrocarbon fuels and high-value chemicals shows important application value and broad market prospects. However, improving the quality of bio-oil is crucial due to the challenges posed by the complex pyrolysis process of biomass, low calorific value, high oxygen content, and strong acidity.Various techniques such as direct catalytic pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, and catalytic upgrading have been explored to prepare bio-oil and high value chemicals from biomass, each with its own achievements and challenges. Additionally, the catalytic characteristics of catalysts and their specific applications in catalytic pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, and catalytic hydrogenation are systematically summarized to provide new directions for lignocellulose biomass energy utilization research.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2022)

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Article Thermodynamics

Research on the thermochemical conversion utilization of nitrogen-rich microalgae: Two-step catalytic pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis sp over ZSM-5

Liqiang Zhang et al.

Summary: This study investigated the two-step pyrolysis characteristics of Nannochloropsis sp (NCS) over ZSM-5. The results showed that ZSM-5 increased the weight loss and pyrolysis temperature of NCS. Kinetic analysis revealed that NCS pyrolysis followed a one-dimensional shrinking core model, and ZSM-5 decreased the activation energy. Compared to one-step pyrolysis, two-step pyrolysis improved the selectivity of N-heterocyclic compounds, and catalytic two-step pyrolysis reduced product complexity and increased selectivity of olefins, nitriles, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Characteristics and synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis of microalgae with polypropylene

Liyang Jiang et al.

Summary: The co-pyrolysis of polypropylene and Chlorella vulgaris showed a significant synergistic effect, leading to a reduction in activation energy and solid coke residue, promotion of aliphatic hydrocarbon formation, and inhibition of the formation of other compounds.

FUEL (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Increasing the bio-aromatics yield in the biomass pyrolysis oils by the integration of torrefaction deoxygenation pretreatment and catalytic fast pyrolysis with a dual catalyst system

Hong Tian et al.

Summary: This study investigates the integration of Torrefaction Deoxygenation Pretreatment (TDP) and Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) to improve the yield of bio-aromatics (BTX) derived from Miscanthus. Results show that TDP effectively removes oxygen content and when combined with specific catalysts, high-purity aromatic hydrocarbons can be obtained. By controlling the temperature and using appropriate catalysts, the bio-BTX yield and selectivity can be improved.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Co-pyrolytic interactions, kinetics and products of biomass pyrolysis coke and rapeseed cake: Machine learning, DAEM and 2D-COS analysis

Yaojun Yang et al.

Summary: An efficient strategy for synergistic disposal of biomass pyrolysis coke and rapeseed cake was proposed in this study. The results showed that the synergistic effect was enhanced by reducing the pyrolysis coke ratio and temperature. The combination of the multiple distributed activation energy model and machine learning accurately described and predicted the co-pyrolysis process. Sensitivity analysis and principal component analysis revealed the sensitivity of rapeseed cake to the heating rate and its preference for dominating reactions at high temperature.

FUEL (2022)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Improvement of wheat (T. aestivum) straw catalytic fast pyrolysis for valuable chemicals production by coupling pretreatment of acid washing and torrefaction

Xiong Gao et al.

Summary: The present work investigated the coupling pretreatment of acid washing and torrefaction to improve the quality and hydrocarbon selectivity of bio-oil in catalytic fast pyrolysis process. Acid washing resulted in decreased acids and phenols and increased sugars in bio-oil. Torrefaction increased the higher calorific value of biomass and decreased the acid content in bio-oil. The removal of specific substances and inhibition of intermediates can enhance the selectivity of valuable chemicals.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

A complete characterization of microalgal biomass through FTIR/TGA/CHNS analysis: An approach for biofuel generation and nutrients removal

Muhammad Arif et al.

Summary: A comprehensive investigation of four microalgal strains revealed their ability to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, fast growth, and rich accumulation of proteins and carbohydrates, making them suitable for production of biodiesel, proteins, and other products.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Catalytic co-pyrolysis of microwave pretreated chili straw and polypropylene to produce hydrocarbons-rich bio-oil

Xikui Zhang et al.

Summary: This study investigated the kinetic behavior and products of the co-pyrolysis of chili straw and polypropylene under different conditions. Results showed that adding HZSM-5 increased the aromatic hydrocarbons in the product and decreased the residual mass, while microwave pretreatment at higher power levels reduced oxygenated composition and increased weight loss rate peak, with a decrease in activation energy.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Study on microwave pyrolysis and production characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris using different compound additives

Chunxiang Chen et al.

Summary: The study investigated the pyrolysis characteristics and bio-oil production of Chlorella vulgaris with different ratios and amounts of SiC and ZnO compound additive. It was found that increasing ZnO content in the compound additive led to changes in weight loss rate, temperature rising rate, bio-oil yield, gas yield, and composition of bio-oil. Compound additives were found to reduce acid compounds, increase gas yield, and promote the production of certain compounds in the bio-oil.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Analytical

Pyrolysis of plastic species: A review of resources and products

Tariq Maqsood et al.

Summary: A long-term and reliable plastic waste management scheme is necessary to address environmental pollution and energy crisis. Pyrolysis of plastic waste can help alleviate these issues while recycling valuable commodities such as oil and gas. This process produces liquid oil, gases, wax, char, and HCl as by-products, with liquid oils having properties similar to conventional diesel.

JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS (2021)

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Article Thermodynamics

Synergistic effects on co-pyrolysis of low-temperature hydrothermally pretreated high-protein microalgae and polypropylene

Xianchao Lv et al.

Summary: Protein-rich Chlorella was hydrothermally pretreated to remove nitrogen, followed by co-pyrolysis with polypropylene to improve biooil quality. The study revealed the thermal decomposition stages and product characteristics during the co-pyrolysis process of Chlorella and polypropylene.

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Catalytic co-pyrolysis of torrefied poplar wood and high-density polyethylene over hierarchical HZSM-5 for mono-aromatics production

Xiaona Lin et al.

Summary: The catalytic co-pyrolysis of torrefied poplar wood sawdust and high-density polyethylene was studied over hierarchical HZSM-5. Increasing torrefaction temperature improved the production of phenols and alkenes in the bio-oil. Hierarchical HZSM-5 treated with alkaline concentration favored the formation of mono aromatics over polyaromatics, leading to efficient production of valuable mono-aromatic hydrocarbons from biomass and plastic wastes.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The effect of torrefaction and ZSM-5 catalyst for hydrocarbon rich bio-oil production from co-pyrolysis of cellulose and low density polyethylene via microwave-assisted heating

Quan Bu et al.

Summary: This study investigates the production of hydrocarbon rich bio-oil from the microwave co-pyrolysis of cellulose and LDPE using microwave torrefaction and ZSM-5 catalyst. Results showed that MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis led to the highest hydrocarbons content and the highest aromatic hydrocarbons content. The activation energy for co-pyrolysis and MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis was significantly reduced, demonstrating a synergistic effect during the process.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Applications of calcium oxide-based catalysts in biomass pyrolysis/ gasification- A review

Hui Li et al.

Summary: The review provides an overview of the application of CaO-based catalysts in biomass CPG, emphasizing the importance of CaO in catalytic conversion of biomass to biofuels and discussing different types of CaO-based catalysts.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Rice husk and rice straw torrefaction: Properties and pyrolysis kinetics of raw and torrefied biomass

Chuanshuai Chen et al.

Summary: Torrefaction is an effective pretreatment process for biomass, which can enhance energy density and reduce moisture and oxygen contents. The study showed that increasing torrefaction temperature decreased hemicellulose and cellulose contents, while the activation energy increased with torrefaction temperature.

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION (2021)

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Review Thermodynamics

Co-pyrolysis of waste plastic and solid biomass for synergistic production of biofuels and chemicals-A review

Zhiwei Wang et al.

Summary: The study focuses on co-pyrolysis of waste plastic and solid biomass mixtures, which can provide synergistic enhancement for fuels and value-added products, and foster eco-friendly pathways for waste management and sustainability. The paper discusses the properties of different feedstocks and experimental methods for co-pyrolysis, as well as characteristics of co-pyrolysis reactors and catalytic methods.

PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Thermal behaviour and kinetic study of co-pyrolysis of microalgae with different plastics

Rongjie Chen et al.

Summary: The coexistence of microalgae and plastics in the ocean poses challenges to the environment, but co-pyrolysis of microalgae and plastics can reduce solid residues. The co-pyrolysis of different plastic blends with microalgae affects the generation of solid residues.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Thermal degradation characteristics and gasification kinetics of camel manure using thermogravimetric analysis

Prakash Parthasarathy et al.

Summary: This work studied the sustainable valorisation of camel manure using thermogravimetric analysis and different kinetic models were applied to estimate the kinetics of O2 gasification. The Coats-Redfern method and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model were found to be the best fitting models for the experimental data.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Catalytic pyrolysis of nutrient-stressed Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae for high-quality bio-oil production

Sherif Ishola Mustapha et al.

Summary: The pyrolysis of nutrient-stressed Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae over various supported metal catalysts showed promotion of aromatization and acid ketonization of bio-oils. Among the catalysts, Co/Fe3O4-HZSM-5 performed the best in enhancing bio-oil quality and yield, with the lowest nitrogen content, highest bio-oil yield, and HHV value similar to crude petroleum.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2021)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Effect of compound additive on microwave-assisted pyrolysis characteristics and products of Chlorella vulgaris

Chunxiang Chen et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of absorbent SiC and catalyst TiO2 on the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris. The compound additive showed a significant promoting effect on the bio-oil yield and composition, with the addition amount and mixing ratio having a noticeable impact on the pyrolysis results.

JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE (2021)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Co-pyrolysis of microalgae and municipal solid waste: A thermogravimetric study to discern synergy during co-pyrolysis process

S. S. V. Varsha et al.

Summary: Synergism during the co-pyrolysis of microalgae, municipal solid waste, and their blends was evaluated based on thermal decomposition pattern, evolved gases, rate and extent of thermal decomposition, and kinetic parameters. Microalgae showed thermal resistance, while municipal solid waste was thermally sensitive. The obtained thermal and kinetic data can serve as a basis for scale-up and reactor design of pyrolysis process for similar waste streams.

JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology