A rare case of presumptive pleural toxocariasis

Toxocariasis is a cosmopolitan helminthiasis linked to contamination with Toxocara cati or Toxocara canis. Only six isolated cases of pleural toxocariasis have been reported in the literature. We describe a case of pleurisy with isolated eosinophilia varying between 600 and 1500/mm(3) likely linked o presumptive toxocariasis in a 72-year-old patient. Our patient was admitted to hospital with severe dyspnoea, asthenia and diarrhoea. Imaging studies confirmed right unilateral pleurisy without any parenchymal involvement. Serology of serum and pleural fluid was positive for anti-Toxocara antibodies by ELISA and immunoblotting. Treatment by pleural drainage and anti-parasitic medication with albendazole for 8 days resulted in the resolution of symptoms. A decrease in the levels of polynuclear eosinophils and total IgE confirmed the clinical resolution. The presence of hypereosinophilia in pleural fluid should evoke a diagnosis of pleural toxocariasis. Clinical symptoms and imaging are non-specific, but positive serology for anti-Toxocara antibodies in serum and pleural fluid can confirm the diagnosis.

Automated summary

This article describes a case of pleural fluid accumulation caused by Toxocara infection in a 72-year-old patient. The patient presented with symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, and diarrhea. Serological testing of both serum and pleural fluid confirmed the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies. The symptoms were relieved after pleural drainage and treatment with anti-parasitic medication.