Cyanobacterial metabolites: Aeruginosin 98A, microginin-FR1, anabaenopeptin-A, cylindrospermopsin and their mixtures affect behavioral and physiological responses of Daphnia magna

We determined the effects influence of cyanobacterial products metabolites: aeruginosin-A (AER-A), microginin-FR1 (MG-FR1), anabaenopeptin-A (ANA-A), cylindrospermopsin (CYL) and their binary and quadruple mixtures on swimming behavior, heart rate, thoracic limb activity, oxygen consumption and in vivo cell health of Daphnia magna. The study showed that CYL induced mortality of daphnids at the highest concentrations, however three oligopeptides had no lethal effect. All the tested Each single metabolites inhibited swimming speed. The mixtures AER+MG-FR1 and AER-A+ANA-A induced antagonistic and the quadruple mixture synergistic effects. Physio-logical endpoints were depressed by CYL, however they were simulated by the oligopeptides and their binary mixtures. The quadruple mixture inhibited the physiological parameters with antagonistic interactions between the components were antagonistic. Single CYL, MG-FR1 and ANA-A induced cytotoxicity with synergistic in-teractions and the metabolites in mixtures showed. The study suggests that swimming behavior and physiological parameters may be affected by single cyanobacterial oligopeptides, however their mixtures may induce different total effects.

Automated summary

This study examined the effects of cyanobacterial metabolites on the behavior and physiological parameters of Daphnia magna. It was found that some metabolites had lethal effects, while others inhibited swimming speed and influenced physiological endpoints. The mixture of metabolites showed different effects and interactions. These findings suggest that cyanobacterial metabolites can affect swimming behavior and physiological parameters, and their mixtures may have varying total effects.