Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 57, Issue 14, Pages 6008-6020Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09587
Keywords
fecal sludge; pretreatment; anaerobic digestion; virome; metatranscriptome; pathogen inactivation
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The decomposition and inactivation of pathogens in fecal sludge (FS) play a crucial role in ensuring sanitation and protecting public and environmental health. Different treatment technologies were found to have an impact on viral diversity, pathogen abundance, and metabolic function of the core microbiome, offering potential alternatives for FS management in pandemic emergencies.
The decomposition and pathogen inactivation of fecal sludge (FS) are vitally important for safely managing onsite sanitation and protecting public and environmental health. However, the microbiome and virome assemblages in FS after chemical and biological treatments remain unclear. Here, we reported the differences in the solid reduction and microbiomes of FS subjected to potassium ferrate (PF), alkali (ALK), and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) pretreatments and anaerobic digestion (AD). The PF and NaClO pretreatments enhanced FS hydrolysis and pathogen suppression, respectively; AD suppressed Grampositive bacteria. Most of the viromes were those of bacteriophages, which were also shaped by chemical pretreatments and AD. Metatranscriptome analysis revealed distinct gene expression patterns between the PF-and ALK-pretreated FS and the subsequent AD. Differentially expressed gene profiles indicated that genes related to biological processes, molecular functions, and transcriptional regulators were upregulated in ALK-AD and PF-AD samples. These findings suggested that the effect of different treatment technologies on the viral diversity, pathogen abundance, and metabolic function of the core microbiome extends beyond FS decomposition and that the use of combined processes would provide possible alternatives for FS management in pandemic emergencies.
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