Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 223, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115446
Keywords
Air quality; Source apportionment; PM2; 5; Organic markers; Positive matrix factorization; East mediterranean-middle east; Emission inventory validation
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This study evaluated the source contributions to PM2.5 concentrations in Greater Beirut using two approaches. The results showed that adding organic markers identified additional sources and provided more accurate assessments of major sources. It also highlighted the strong sensitivity of the area to high desert dust concentrations and the need for a mitigation plan. Furthermore, it emphasized the significant underestimation of Beirut's road transport emissions in global emission inventories.
Source contributions to PM2.5 concentrations were evaluated in Greater Beirut (Lebanon), a typical East Mediterranean-Middle East (EMME) city, using Positive Matrix Factorization with two approaches. The first approach included only inorganic species (PMF-trad) and the other approach added organic markers (PMF-org). PMF-org identified 4 additional sources, and large discrepancies in contributions were observed for some major sources found in both approaches, highlighting the importance of including organic markers. The traffic factor was underestimated in PMF-trad by 2 to 7 folds. Moreover, results showed that this city is prone to high desert dust concentrations originating from uncontrollable dust storm events, like all cities in the Middle East. A PM2.5 mitigation plan taking into account the potency of the identified sources was developed. Sources like diesel generators or traffic presented smaller contributions in term of mass compared to desert dust, however the health impact of the latter is relatively small and actions should target sources with the highest potency. Local emission inventories in the EMME region are scarce and studies typically rely on global emission inventories for local air quality management plans, but these inventories significantly underestimate Beirut's road transport emissions by more than an order of magnitude.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available