Progress on microalgae cultivation in wastewater for bioremediation and circular bioeconomy

Water usage increased alongside its competitiveness due to its finite amount. Yet, many industries still rely on this finite resource thus recalling the need to recirculate their water for production. Circular bioeconomy is presently the new approach emphasizing on the 'end-of-life' concept with reusing, recycling, and recovering materials. Microalgae are the ideal source contributing to circular bioeconomy as it exhibits fast growth and adaptability supported by biological rigidity which in turn consumes nutrients, making it an ideal and capable bioremediating agent, therefore allowing water re-use as well as its biomass potential in biorefineries. Nevertheless, there are challenges that still need to be addressed with consideration of recent advances in cultivating microalgae in wastewater. This review aimed to investigate the potential of microalgae biomass cultivated in wastewater. More importantly, how it'll play a role in the circular bioeconomy. This includes an in-depth look at the production of goods coming from wastes tattered by emerging pollutants. These emerging pollutants include microplastics, antibiotics, ever-increasingly sewage water, and heavy metals which have not been comprehensively compared and explored. Therefore, this review is aiming to bring new insights to researchers and industrial stakeholders with interest in green alternatives to eventually contribute towards environmental sustainability.

Automated summary

Water usage is increasing due to its finite amount and competitiveness, leading to the need for water recirculation in industries. The circular bioeconomy highlights the importance of reusing and recycling materials, and microalgae is an ideal source for this approach due to its fast growth, adaptability, and ability to consume nutrients. This review investigates the potential of microalgae biomass cultivated in wastewater and its role in the circular bioeconomy, focusing on the production of goods from wastes contaminated with emerging pollutants. The aim is to provide new insights to researchers and industrial stakeholders interested in green alternatives and contribute to environmental sustainability.