In situ treatment of real textile effluent in constructed furrows using consortium of Canna indica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subsequent biochemical and toxicity evaluation

Emerging contaminants removals like dyes and heavy metals from the textile effluent have an immense chal-lenge. The present study focuses on the biotransformation and detoxification of dyes and in situ textile effluent treatment by plants and microbes efficiently. A mixed consortium of perennial herbaceous plant Canna indica and fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed decolorization of di-azo dye Congo red (CR, 100 mg/L) up to 97% within 72 h. Root tissues and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells revealed induction of various dye-degrading oxidoreductase enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, veratryl alcohol oxidase and azo reductase during CR decolorization. Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and carotenoid pigments were notably elevated in the leaves of a plant during the treatment. Phytotransformation of CR into its metabolic constituents was detected by using several analytical techniques, including FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS and its non-toxic nature was confirmed by cyto-toxicological evaluation on Allium cepa and on freshwater bivalves. Mix consortium of plant Canna indica and fungi Saccha-romyces cerevisiae efficiently treated textile wastewater (500 L) and reduced ADMI, COD, BOD, TSS and TDS (74, 68, 68, 78, and 66%) within 96 h. In situ textile wastewater treatment for in furrows constructed and planted with Canna indica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and consortium-CS within 4 days reveals reduced ADMI, COD, BOD, TDS and TSS (74, 73, 75, 78, and 77%). Comprehensive observations recommend this is an intelligent tactic to exploit this consortium in the furrows for textile wastewater treatment.

Automated summary

The study focuses on the efficient biotransformation and detoxification of dyes and in situ textile effluent treatment using a mixed consortium of the perennial herbaceous plant Canna indica and the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The consortium showed a high decolorization rate of the di-azo dye Congo red (CR) within 72 hours. The plant exhibited increased pigment levels and the CR was transformed into non-toxic metabolic constituents. The consortium also efficiently treated textile wastewater, reducing various parameters. This study suggests the intelligent use of the consortium for textile wastewater treatment.