A Review of Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Solar Thermal Walls

Nowadays, almost 30% of total energy consumption (130 EJ) is consumed for the operation of buildings, mainly by space heating/cooling and ventilation systems, hot water preparation systems, lighting, and other domestic appliances. To improve the energy efficiency of buildings, several countries are promoting the use of renewable energy. The most promising systems include active and passive solar installations. In passive systems, the solar energy is collected, stored, reflected, or distributed by the roof ponds, natural convective loops, and the most popular direct gain walls and thermal storage walls (known as Trombe walls). This paper reviews the experimental and numerical studies devoted to the different solutions of Trombe walls, including solar chimneys integrated on the vertical walls, classic Trombe walls, Trombe walls with incorporated phase change materials, and photovoltaic Trombe walls. The actual state of the art is presented in the context of reducing energy consumption and enhancing thermal comfort. Most of the analyzed studies showed that the application of thermal storage walls allowed achieving these goals, led to lower emissions of greenhouse gases, and improved living standards. Nevertheless, there is a need for more detailed feasibility studies, including cost and environmental indicators.

Automated summary

Nowadays, a significant portion of energy consumption is used in buildings, with heating/cooling systems, lighting, and other appliances being the main contributors. Renewable energy solutions, such as active and passive solar installations, are being promoted to improve energy efficiency. This paper reviews research on Trombe walls, including their different variations and their potential to reduce energy consumption and enhance thermal comfort. The findings suggest that the application of thermal storage walls can lead to lower emissions of greenhouse gases and improved living standards, but further feasibility studies are needed.