4.3 Review

Pharmacotherapies in Older Adults with COPD: Challenges and Opportunities

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Respiratory System

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in COPD: a role in respiratory epithelium and beyond

Marcus A. Mall et al.

Summary: CFTR is an important ion channel responsible for the transport of chloride and bicarbonate anions. Dysfunction of CFTR has been observed in both inherited cystic fibrosis and acquired COPD. CFTR dysfunction can contribute to various manifestations and progression of COPD, including airway obstruction, inflammation, and tissue destruction. This review explores the acquired dysfunction of CFTR in COPD and discusses the potential benefits of CFTR potentiation in improving lung function and reducing inflammation.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2023)

Article Immunology

Increased Inflammasome Activation Is Associated with Aging and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Disease Severity

Nicola Andina et al.

Summary: Aging increases IL-1b production upon NLRP3 activation in human CD14+ monocytes. TLR1/2 agonist Pam3CSK4 directly activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes from older but not from younger healthy donors. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is positively correlated with disease severity in a small cohort of CMML patients.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

Review Environmental Sciences

A Systematic Review of Compensation and Technology-Mediated Strategies to Maintain Older Adults' Medication Adherence

Hening Pratiwi et al.

Summary: This systematic review explores the challenge of elderly medication adherence and the strategies of compensation and technology-mediated strategies to maintain their adherence. The review identified various methods used by older adults, including compensation strategies, technological assistance, and other strategies. Implementation of technology and compensation strategies may benefit older adults in increasing medication adherence, but determining the most effective approaches remains challenging.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2023)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Premranjan Kumar et al.

Summary: The study suggests that using GlyNAC in older adults can improve GSH deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, and aging hallmarks. This nutritional supplement has a safe and effective role in promoting health in aging individuals.

JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES (2023)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of cellular senescence in inflammatory lung diseases

Cong Xie et al.

Summary: Cellular senescence, characterized by permanent cell proliferation arrest, plays a crucial role in the development of cancer and age-related illnesses. This study reviews the recent progress on cellular senescence and its impact on lung inflammation, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance. The study also proposes the importance of controlling cellular senescence and pro-inflammatory response activation in order to attenuate inflammatory lung conditions and improve disease outcomes.

CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS (2023)

Article Respiratory System

Understanding barriers to and strategies for medication adherence in COPD: a qualitative study

Jacqueline O'Toole et al.

Summary: This study explores the factors affecting medication adherence in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their strategies for self-management. Challenges identified include gaps in understanding, forgetfulness, financial burden, and substance use. Patients reported various tools and resources to support adherence.

BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Beta-Blocker Use in Older Hospitalized Patients Affected by Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Italian Survey From the REPOSI Register

Vincenzo Arcoraci et al.

Summary: In older patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the use of beta-blockers is lower than recommended, especially in those with COPD. There is a significant underuse of beta-blockers post-hospital discharge, with physicians often rejecting beta-blockers in COPD patients instead of opting for selective beta 1-blockers. Multidisciplinary collaboration is necessary for better drug management and adherence to guideline recommendations.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2022)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Adherence to Long-Acting Inhaler Use for Initial Treatment and Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Hee-Sook Suh et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of adherence to long-acting inhaler use on acute exacerbations in treatment-naive COPD patients. The findings revealed that poor adherence to long-acting inhalers was associated with increased rates of acute exacerbation in COPD patients.

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Saeid Safiri et al.

Summary: This study reports the global, regional, and national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its risk factors from 1990 to 2019. The findings indicate that although the burden of COPD has decreased, it still remains a significant public health problem worldwide. Preventive measures should focus on smoking cessation, improving air quality, and reducing occupational exposure to further reduce the burden of COPD.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Aging of mesenchymal stem cell: machinery, markers, and strategies of fighting

Mahmoud Al-Azab et al.

Summary: Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play important roles in tissue homeostasis, aging-related diseases, and cellular therapy. Understanding the mechanisms and signs of MSC cellular senescence is crucial for combating aging and cellular senescence. This review discusses the factors contributing to MSC senescence and strategies to reverse it.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Multimorbidity Clusters in the Oldest Old: Results from the EpiChron Cohort

Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa et al.

Summary: Multimorbidity poses challenges for both patients and healthcare systems, especially in the elderly population. This study utilized data from the EpiChron Cohort Study in Aragon, Spain to identify multimorbidity patterns in individuals aged 80-89, 90-99, and >= 100. The study found that centenarians had significantly fewer chronic diseases and drugs, as well as lower prevalence of polypharmacy compared to those aged 80-99. Different multimorbidity clusters were observed based on sex and age group. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the urgency of addressing multimorbidity in older adults.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

Review Neurosciences

Beneficial Influence of Exendin-4 on Specific Organs and Mechanisms Favourable for the Elderly with Concomitant Obstructive Lung Diseases

Magdalena Figat et al.

Summary: Exendin-4 (Ex-4), also known as exenatide, has beneficial effects on nerve cells and shows promise in obstructive lung diseases. It can protect the brain and treat common coexisting conditions in late life, such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or asthma.

BRAIN SCIENCES (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Improved inhaler handling after repeated inhalation guidance for elderly patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Osamu Usami

Summary: Accurate evaluation of inhaler handling is crucial for effective treatment of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Age and inhalation guidance are correlated with procedure improvement, highlighting the importance of proper inhalation guidance for elderly patients. Continuous repeated guidance significantly reduces inhalation errors such as inhalation speed and gargling errors, making it essential for elderly patients (>70 years) to undergo continuous guidance.

MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Effect of Age on the Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple-Therapy Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol in Patients With COPD A Post Hoc Analysis of the Informing the Pathway of COPD Treatment Trial

Nicola A. Hanania et al.

Summary: In the IMPACT trial, FF/UMEC/VI demonstrated superior efficacy compared to FF/VI and UMEC/VI in patients with symptomatic COPD and a history of exacerbations across all age groups, with a comparable safety profile.

CHEST (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Prospects for COPD treatment

Maria Gabriella Matera et al.

Summary: Current management of COPD heavily relies on bronchodilators and corticosteroids, but due to poor responsiveness of lung inflammation to corticosteroid treatment in COPD patients, novel pharmacological anti-inflammatory approaches are needed for optimal treatment. Multiple attempts have been made to develop drugs targeting inflammatory cells and mediators important in the recruitment or activation of these cells in the lungs of COPD patients. This review focuses on novel classes of anti-inflammatory drugs that have been tested in humans as potential treatments for COPD patients.

CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Targeting cellular senescence as a new approach to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy

Peter J. Barnes

Summary: Evidence suggests that cellular senescence may play a role in the acceleration of lung ageing in COPD, leading to disease progression. Therapies targeting cellular senescence, such as senotherapies, show promise in potentially treating COPD and reducing mortality, although more clinical studies are needed.

CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Prevalence of drug-drug interactions in older people before and after hospital admission: analysis from the OPERAM trial

Lorene Zerah et al.

Summary: DDIs are highly prevalent in older patients, with their prevalence increasing during hospitalization and then remaining stable over time; hyperpolypharmacy is the main factor predictive of changes in DDIs.

BMC GERIATRICS (2021)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Aging Immune System and Its Correlation With Liability to Severe Lung Complications

Yongtao Li et al.

Summary: The text discusses the impact of aging on the immune system and the increased risk of diseases for elderly individuals due to immunosenescence. It also highlights the correlation between severe lung complications and aging immunity.

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Classes of drugs that target the cellular components of inflammation under clinical development for COPD

Maria Gabriella Matera et al.

Summary: Despite the discovery of drugs that can regulate inflammation in COPD, clinical trial results have been disappointing. The current trend is towards personalized treatment based on the patient's inflammatory status. The difficulty lies in translating promising experimental data into human clinical trials and targeting specific inflammatory cell types.

EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Article Respiratory System

Effect of Age on Efficacy and Safety of Fluticasone Furoate/Vilanterol (FF/VI), Umeclidinium (UMEC), and UMEC plus FF/VI in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Analyses of Five Randomized Clinical Trials

Nicola A. Hanania et al.

Summary: Analysis of data from five clinical trials evaluating medications administered using the ELLIPTA dry-powder inhaler showed that treatment with FF/VI, UMEC, or UMEC + FF/VI led to statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in trough FEV1 in patients with COPD aged 40 years and older. The results support the use of these medications in both older (>= 65 years) and younger (<65 years) patients with COPD.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2021)

Article Respiratory System

Long-acting antimuscarinic therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving beta-blockers

Kenneth R. Chapman et al.

Summary: The study found that in patients with moderate-to-very severe COPD and cardiovascular comorbidities, using aclidinium in conjunction with beta-blockers can improve lung function, reduce the rate of COPD exacerbations, and not increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.

RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2021)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Senotherapy A New Horizon for COPD Therapy

Jonathan R. Baker et al.

CHEST (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Advances in pulmonary drug delivery devices for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Mario Cazzola et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY (2020)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Linda Nici et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2020)

Article Neurosciences

Roflumilast: A potential drug for the treatment of cognitive impairment?

Sugin Lal S. Jabaris et al.

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS (2020)

Article Respiratory System

Efficacy and Safety of the CFTR Potentiator Icenticaftor (QBW251) in COPD: Results from a Phase 2 Randomized Trial

Steven M. Rowe et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2020)

Review Respiratory System

Recent Advances in Molecular Basis of Lung Aging and Its Associated Diseases

Min-Jong Kang

TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES (2020)

Article Critical Care Medicine

The Aging Lung Is Lung Health Good Health for Older Adults?

Dawn M. E. Bowdish

CHEST (2019)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma treatment

Maria Gabriella Matera et al.

PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2019)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Long-term observational study on the impact of GLP-1R agonists on lung function in diabetic patients

Paola Rogliani et al.

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2019)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results from a first-in-human, open-label, pilot study

Jamie N. Justice et al.

EBIOMEDICINE (2019)

Review Critical Care Medicine

Cellular Senescence as a Mechanism and Target in Chronic Lung Diseases

Peter J. Barnes et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Characteristics of factors for decreased lung function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes

Masaki Ishii et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

Article Respiratory System

Spirometry Measurement of Peak Inspiratory Flow Identifies Suboptimal Use of Dry Powder Inhalers in Ambulatory Patients with COPD

Alexander G. Duarte et al.

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION (2019)

Article Critical Care Medicine

β-Blockers in COPD A Cohort Study From the TONADO Research Program

Francois Maltais et al.

CHEST (2018)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Senolytic drugs in respiratory medicine: is it an appropriate therapeutic approach?

Mario Cazzola et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS (2018)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Type 2 diabetes: A protective factor for COPD?

Louise H. Rayner et al.

PRIMARY CARE DIABETES (2018)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pharmacokinetic considerations concerning the use of bronchodilators in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Maria Gabriella Matera et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY (2018)

Article Respiratory System

COPD: understanding patients' adherence to inhaled medications

Antonio Duarte-de-Araujo et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2018)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Pulmonary drug delivery to older people

Martin Wallin et al.

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2018)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Drug Interactions With Oral Inhaled Medications

Chanelle M. Ajimura et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY TECHNOLOGY (2018)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Impacts of Cellular Senescence in Elderly Pneumonia and in Age-Related Lung Diseases That Increase the Risk of Respiratory Infections

Shigehisa Yanagi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

The Intersection of Aging Biology and the Pathobiology of Lung Diseases: A Joint NHLBI/NIA Workshop

G. R. Scott Budinger et al.

JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES (2017)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Adherence to COPD treatment: Myth and reality

Paola Rogliani et al.

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2017)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Efficacy and safety of indacaterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease aged over 65 years: A pooled analysis

Pierre-Olivier Girodet et al.

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2017)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Optimizing drug delivery in COPD: The role of inhaler devices

Paola Rogliani et al.

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2017)

Article Respiratory System

Roflumilast reverses CFTR-mediated ion transport dysfunction in cigarette smoke-exposed mice

S. Vamsee Raju et al.

RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2017)

Article Respiratory System

Prevalence of Low Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate at Discharge in Patients Hospitalized for COPD Exacerbation

Gulshan Sharma et al.

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION (2017)

Article Respiratory System

Efficacy and safety of tiotropium plus olodaterol maintenance treatment in patients with COPD in the TONADO (R) and OTEMTO (R) studies: a subgroup analysis by age

Gary T. Ferguson et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2016)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Pilot evaluation of ivacaftor for chronic bronchitis

George M Solomon et al.

Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2016)

Article Respiratory System

Cellular Senescence and Lung Function during Aging Yin and Yang

Judith Campisi

ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY (2016)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Treating COPD in Older and Oldest Old Patients

Andrea Corsonello et al.

CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN (2015)

Article Respiratory System

Hallmarks of the ageing lung

Silke Meiners et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2015)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Clinical strategies and animal models for developing senolytic agents

James L. Kirkland et al.

EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY (2015)

Article Respiratory System

Effect of indacaterol on lung deflation improves cardiac performance in hyperinflated COPD patients: an interventional, randomized, double-blind clinical trial

Pierachille Santus et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2015)

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diabetes mellitus among outpatients with COPD attending a university hospital

Paola Rogliani et al.

ACTA DIABETOLOGICA (2014)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Predictors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation Reduction in Response to Daily Azithromycin Therapy

MeiLan K. Han et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2014)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Activation by Roflumilast Contributes to Therapeutic Benefit in Chronic Bronchitis

James A. Lambert et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2014)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the elderly

Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2014)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

A Polypill Strategy to Improve Global Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention From Concept to Reality

Jose M. Castellano et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2014)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Hallmarks of Aging

Carlos Lopez-Otin et al.

Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Comorbid Diabetes and COPD Impact of corticosteroid use on diabetes complications

Gillian E. Caughey et al.

DIABETES CARE (2013)

Editorial Material Pharmacology & Pharmacy

β-Adrenoceptor Modulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Present and Future Perspectives

Maria Gabriella Matera et al.

DRUGS (2013)

Article Respiratory System

The impact of COPD on health status: findings from the BOLD study

Christer Janson et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2013)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Use of tiotropium in patients with COPD aged 80 years and older

Hiroaki Satoh et al.

EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE (2013)

Review Respiratory System

The Role of Nebulized Therapy in the Management of COPD: Evidence and Recommendations

Rajiv Dhand et al.

COPD-JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2012)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

The Influence of Informal Caregivers on Adherence in COPD Patients

Ranak B. Trivedi et al.

ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE (2012)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Bronchodilators

Mario Cazzola et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2012)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Inhaler device selection: Special considerations in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Robert Barrons et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY (2011)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Treatment of COPD: Relationships between daily dosing frequency, adherence, resource use, and costs

Edmond L. Toy et al.

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2011)

Review Respiratory System

Do We Need Different Treatments for Very Elderly COPD Patients?

S. Valente et al.

RESPIRATION (2010)

Article Respiratory System

Prevalence of Comorbidities in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Mario Cazzola et al.

RESPIRATION (2010)

Review Critical Care Medicine

COPD in the Elderly Patient

Nicola A. Hanania et al.

SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2010)

Article Critical Care Medicine

COPD as a Disease of Accelerated Lung Aging

Kazuhiro Ito et al.

CHEST (2009)

Article Respiratory System

Impact of statins and ACE inhibitors on mortality after COPD exacerbations

Eric M. Mortensen et al.

RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2009)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Inhaled therapy in elderly COPD patients; time for re-evaluation?

Sheba Jarvis et al.

AGE AND AGEING (2007)

Review Respiratory System

Mortality in COPD: role of comorbidities

D. D. Sin et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2006)

Article Respiratory System

Lung function decline and outcomes in an elderly population

D. M. Mannino et al.

THORAX (2006)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The use of bronchodilators in the treatment of airway obstruction in elderly patients

Vincenzo Bellia et al.

PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2006)

Review Behavioral Sciences

Stress, glucocorticoids and ageing of the immune system

ME Bauer

STRESS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF STRESS (2005)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Aging does not affect beta-agonist responsiveness after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction

AL Parker

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY (2004)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Inhaled and nasal corticosteroid use and the risk of fracture

S Suissa et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2004)

Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Differential pharmacokinetics of theophylline in elderly patients

A Ohnishi et al.

DRUGS & AGING (2003)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of mortality and readmission in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

DD Sin et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2001)