Selective lithium separation from desalination concentrates via the synergy of extractant mixtures

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants generate high volumes of concentrates, which contain, in addition to major salts, some elements of growing interest in minor concentrations. This is the case of lithium, highly demanded in the battery industry. In this work, the separation of Li+ from model SWRO brines has been evaluated by obtaining Li+ extraction curves with the combination of extractants DBM center dot TOPO and FDOD center dot TOPO, proving that both mixtures are capable of extracting Li+ under basic pH conditions, due to the keto-enolic tautomerism of the beta-diketones. Li+ extraction values of 95.4 % for DBM center dot OPO (pH = 12.2) and 100 % for FDOD center dot TOPO (pH = 9.0) were achieved. This behaviour was verified by the FT-IR analysis of the sample before and after the Li+ extraction. Finally, the selective separation of Li+ against other cations, such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Sr2+, present in the model brines at higher concentrations, was determined. Under mentioned experimental conditions, these cations are not extracted, reaching to Li+ selective separation close to 100 %. This study shows the first results on the selective extraction of lithium in complex SWRO brines, fostered through promising extractants mixtures showing a synergic effect towards Li+ in such multicomponent matrices.

Automated summary

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants produce concentrates that contain minor concentrations of elements, such as lithium, which is highly demanded in the battery industry. This study demonstrates the successful extraction of Li+ from model SWRO brines using the extractants DBM·TOPO and FDOD·TOPO. The extraction values obtained were 95.4% for DBM·TOPO (pH = 12.2) and 100% for FDOD·TOPO (pH = 9.0). The selective separation of Li+ against other cations was also achieved, reaching close to 100% selectivity. This research provides promising results for the selective extraction of lithium in complex SWRO brines.