Thrombosis and cachexia in cancer: Two partners in crime?

Among cancer patients, thrombosis and cachexia are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Although the two may occur together, little is known about their possible relationship. Thus, a literature review was conducted by screening the databases PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Medline and Web of Science. To summarize, cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) and cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) seem to share several patient-, tumour- and treatmentrelated risk factors. Inflammation alongside metabolic and endocrine derangement is the potential missing link between CAT, CAC and cancer. Many key players, including specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, immune cells and hormones, appear to be implicated in both thrombosis and cachexia, representing attractive predictive markers and potential therapeutic targets. Altogether, the current evidence suggests a link between CAT and CAC, however, epidemiological studies are required to explore this potential relationship. Given the high incidence and negative impact of both diseases, further studies are needed for the better management of cancer patients.

Automated summary

Among cancer patients, thrombosis and cachexia are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about their possible relationship. Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) and cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) seem to share several risk factors. Inflammation and metabolic/endocrine derangement may be the missing link between CAT, CAC, and cancer. Many specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, immune cells, and hormones are implicated in both thrombosis and cachexia, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. Further epidemiological studies are needed to explore this potential relationship and better manage cancer patients.