Nano based-oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy

Oncolytic viruses (OV) are an attractive prospect due to their dual attack mechanism of direct cell lysis and potentiation of an antitumor immune response. Various oncolytic viral vectors are used in oncotherapy clinical trials, and one of their main problems is elimination by the reticuloendothelial system during systemic delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) have received much attention in clinical trials due to their unique appearance characteristics, but they have created challenges due to the non-specificity of drug delivery to the target tissue and its elimination in blood circulation. In this regard, to increase the efficiency of nanoparticles in drug delivery, various chemical modifications can be applied to the surface of nanoparticles. To improve the performance of these two treatment options, the complex strategy of OVs encapsulated with nanoparticles can be used, which has brought successful clinical results in the treatment of various cancers. Here we will review each of the treatment methods and their functional mechanism.

Automated summary

Oncolytic viruses show promise as a dual attack therapy for cancer, but their effectiveness is hindered by elimination in the body. Nanoparticles have the potential for targeted drug delivery, but face challenges in non-specificity. By encapsulating oncolytic viruses with nanoparticles, the efficacy of both treatments can be improved and successful clinical results have been achieved. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms and benefits of each treatment method.