Liquid Phase Microextraction of Hazardous Compounds in Dairy Products; Principal and Practical Aspects

Liquid phase microextraction techniques are considered as the miniaturized version of traditional liquid-liquid extraction, which use only several microliters of a proper solvent to extract the analytes from sample. In these methods, the target analytes are migrated into a water-immiscible organic solvent (acceptor phase) from an aqueous sample (donor phase). They are mainly classified into three main groups including (a) single-drop microextraction, (b) dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and (c) hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction. These techniques have been successfully applied to the assessment of different analytes in food samples, pharmaceuticals, beverages, and so on. This review mainly focuses on up-to-date information on the application of liquid phase microextraction techniques in dairy products. The advantages and disadvantages of the developed liquid phase microextraction methods were discussed.

Automated summary

Liquid phase microextraction techniques are a miniaturized version of traditional liquid-liquid extraction, using only a small amount of solvent to extract analytes from a sample. They have been widely applied in the analysis of various analytes in food, pharmaceuticals, and beverages. This review focuses on the application of these techniques in dairy products and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different liquid phase microextraction methods.