A dendritic freezing model for in-flight supercooled large droplets impingement and solidification

Supercooled large droplets (SLD) solidification is a complex multi-physics process of great importance for assessing in-flight icing problems. In this work, a multiphase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation of SLD impingement and solidification is further enriched by incorporating a freezing model for dendrites growth. The solver is validated against available experimental data of SLD impingement on ice surfaces at low speeds and then applied to test cases with various supercooling degrees and impact speeds to explore their effects on residual ice layers. This work completes a comprehensive toolset for parametric studies of single SLD impingement and solidification and paves the way for macroscopic models that can enrich in-flight icing CFD codes.

Automated summary

In this study, a freezing model is incorporated into a multiphase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation to enrich the calculation method of supercooled large droplets (SLD) impingement and solidification. The model is validated against experimental data and applied to test cases with different supercooling degrees and impact speeds to investigate their effects on residual ice layers. This research provides a comprehensive toolset for parametric studies of single SLD impingement and solidification and paves the way for macroscopic models in in-flight icing CFD codes.