Development of electrode materials for flexible potassium-ion batteries

Wearable smart devices have gradually become the development trend, and it calls for functionalized flexible batteries. The development of suitable electrode materials is one of the key parts to meet the electrochemical requirements, as well as light weight, good mechanical properties and high energy density. However, severer volume expansion occurs after repeated intercalation/deintercalation of large-radius K ions, making the devel-opment of flexible potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) more challenging. To realize low-cost, high-safety and more practical flexible PIBs, more efforts are needed in the exploration of electrode materials. In this review, we summarize the research progress of all the reported flexible PIBs till now, focus on the research results of flexible electrode materials with different dimensions in the aspects of structural design, manufacturing process and electrochemical performance. Finally, we analyze and discuss the key challenges faced by flexible electrode materials of PIBs, and provide the prospects to the practical use of low-cost flexible PIBs in smart devices.

Automated summary

Wearable smart devices are increasingly demanding functionalized flexible batteries. The development of suitable electrode materials is crucial to meet electrochemical requirements, as well as lightweight, good mechanical properties, and high energy density. However, the severe volume expansion caused by repeated intercalation/deintercalation of large-radius K ions presents a challenge for the development of flexible potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Efforts are needed to explore electrode materials in order to achieve low-cost, high-safety, and practical flexible PIBs. This review summarizes the research progress of flexible PIBs, focusing on flexible electrode materials with different dimensions in terms of structural design, manufacturing process, and electrochemical performance. The key challenges faced by flexible electrode materials of PIBs are analyzed and discussed, along with the prospects for the practical use of low-cost flexible PIBs in smart devices.