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Summary: The treatment of head and neck cancers has a significant impact on function and appearance, leading to impaired quality of life. Long-term effects of treatment include difficulty in speech and swallowing, oral incompetence, trismus, dry mouth, dental problems, and bone damage. Brachytherapy, a type of interventional radiotherapy, has shown to improve local control rates and spare organs at risk. Despite its benefits, brachytherapy is underutilized in head and neck cancers, highlighting the need for improvement in its utilization.
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Summary: Adjuvant radiotherapy is important for soft-tissue sarcomas, and brachytherapy is a convenient and conformal method with high efficacy. High dose rate has become popular due to its advantages. Freehand insertion perioperative brachytherapy is the most commonly used technique, and it can be used alone or in combination with external beam radiotherapy. Brachytherapy is superior in terms of dose conformality, especially for recurrent tumors and specific patient groups.
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Summary: Uveal melanoma is the most common eye tumor in adults. Brachytherapy, compared to enucleation, offers advantages in preserving organ and function. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study demonstrated the equivalence of interventional radiotherapy (IRT) and enucleation in terms of overall survival. IRT involves placing a plaque with radioactive sources in direct contact with the sclera under the melanoma. Multidisciplinary collaboration is required in this procedure, involving interventional radiation oncologists, ophthalmologists, and medical physicists. The use of artificial intelligence and predictive models could help identify patients at higher risk of late side-effects.
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Summary: This study revealed wide variations in cervical cancer incidence and mortality globally, with East Africa having the highest rates. Factors such as human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and cervical cancer screening coverage were associated with the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. While most countries have shown reduction in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, there is an increasing trend among younger women in some developed countries, emphasizing the importance of effective cancer screening.
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