Pre-existing sarcopenia and swallowing outcomes in acute stroke patients

Background & aims: This study aimed to investigate the associations of pre-existing sarcopenia with swallowing function, oral intake level, and aspiration pneumonia in patients with acute stroke. Methods: This observational study included patients (& GE;60 years of age) with acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage within 7 days of onset who were screened for sarcopenia, malnutrition, and swallowing difficulties in a stroke-care unit within 48 h of admission. Sarcopenia was defined by the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia 2019 as having a low calf circumference, handgrip strength, and appendicular muscle mass index. The primary outcome was impaired oral intake (functional oral intake scale <5 points) at 3, 7, and 14 days after admission, and the secondary outcome was aspiration pneu-monia during hospitalization. Results: We enrolled 350 patients (median age of 77 years; 63% males) who underwent the aforemen-tioned screening. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 34% of patients, and malnutrition was found in 66% of patients with sarcopenia. When compared with the comparison group (defined as patients with either or both normal calf circumference and handgrip strength), the sarcopenia group had significantly lower tongue pressure and a higher prevalence of dysphagia. Sarcopenia was associated with functional oral intake scale <5 at 7 days (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91-11.71); p = 0.002) and 14 days (adjusted OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.47-10.53; p = 0.006) and with aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization (adjusted OR, 6.12; 95% CI, 1.63-22.94; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Acute stroke patients with sarcopenia may have weakness of the swallowing-related mus-cles which may lead to impaired oral intake and aspiration pneumonia. & COPY; 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Automated summary

This study aimed to investigate the associations of pre-existing sarcopenia with swallowing function, oral intake level, and aspiration pneumonia in patients with acute stroke. The results showed that compared with the control group, the sarcopenia group had significantly lower tongue pressure and a higher prevalence of dysphagia, and was more likely to have impaired oral intake and aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization. This suggests that acute stroke patients with sarcopenia may have weakness of the swallowing-related muscles, leading to impaired oral intake and aspiration pneumonia.