Journal
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
Volume 67, Issue -, Pages 271-285Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.09.001
Keywords
Grid nanoindentation; X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis; Multivariate modeling; Chemo-mechanical coupling
Funding
- Portland Cement Association (PCA)
- RMC Research & Education Foundation
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A novel approach for the chemo-mechanical characterization of cement-based materials is presented, which combines the classical grid indentation technique with elemental mapping by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). It is illustrated through application to an oil-well cement system with siliceous filler. The characteristic X-rays of major elements (silicon, calcium and aluminum) are measured over the indentation region and mapped back on the indentation points. Measured intensities together with indentation hardness and modulus are considered in a clustering analysis within the framework of Finite Mixture Models with Gaussian component density function. The method is able to successfully isolate the calcium-silica-hydrate gel at the indentation scale from its mixtures with other products of cement hydration and anhydrous phases; thus providing a convenient means to link mechanical response to the calcium-to-silicon ratio quantified independently via X-ray wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. A discussion of uncertainty quantification of the estimated chemo-mechanical properties and phase volume fractions, as well as the effect of chemical observables on phase assessment is also included. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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