Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antimalarial Activities of Azines Based Schiff Bases and their Pd(II) Complexes

Herein, we report synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and antimalarial activities of azines Schiff base ligands (L-1-L-4) and their palladium (II) complexes (C-1-C-4) of [Pd(L)(OAc)(2)] type. The azine ligands (L-1-L-4) were prepared by condensation of carbonyl compounds with hydrazine hydrate and their complexes by the reaction of palladium acetate with L-1-L-4 ligands in 1 : 1 molar ratio. The prepared ligands and their complexes were characterized by spectral characterization using H-1 & C-13-NMR, FT-IR and mass spectral studies, which revealed that the ligands coordinates via azomethine nitrogen and heteroatom or aryl carbon with palladium. Moreover, Schiff bases and their palladium (II) complexes have been screened for their antibacterial (S. aureus, B. subtillis, and S. typhi, P. aeruginosa), antifungal (C. albicans, A. niger, and A. clavatus) and antimalarial (P. falciparum) activities. The Schiff base L-4 showed good results for antibacterial against S. aureus (MIC, 50 & mu;g/mL) and antimalarial against P. falciparum (IC50, 0.83 & mu;g/mL). The complex C-1 showed best antibacterial activity (MIC, 62.5 & mu;g/mL) against S. typhi and the complex C-4 exhibited remarkable antimalarial activity (IC50, 0.42 & mu;g/mL) among the tested compounds. Thus, azines based ligands and their Pd complexes can be good antimicrobial and antimalarial agents if explored further.

Automated summary

In this study, we synthesized and characterized azines Schiff base ligands and their palladium complexes. The synthesized ligands coordinated with palladium through azomethine nitrogen and heteroatom or aryl carbon. The antimicrobial and antimalarial activities of the ligands and complexes were evaluated. Schiff base L-4 exhibited good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and antimalarial activity against P. falciparum. Complex C-1 showed the best antibacterial activity against S. typhi, while complex C-4 exhibited remarkable antimalarial activity among the tested compounds. Further exploration of azines based ligands and their Pd complexes as antimicrobial and antimalarial agents is recommended.