LC-ESI-MS/MS Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Propolis Extracted with Organic Solvents from Eastern Anatolia Region

Geographic conditions (altitude, climate, and local flora) lead to significant differences in the chemical composition of propolis. Therefore, more research is needed for propolis in different geographical regions. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic profile, total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of Pulumur propolis from Turkey. Methanol (MeOH), chloroform (CHCl3), and hexane extracts of propolis were analyzed. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the extracts showed that the most abundant phenolic compound is caffeic acid in the MeOH extract (2943.12 +/- 11.12 mu g phenolics/g extract), while on the other hand, CHCl3 extract had the highest total phenolic content (125.75 +/- 1.02 mg GAE/g extract). Antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS and DPPH assays, whereas CHCl3 extract (IC50=6.35 +/- 0.11 and 28.84 +/- 0.10 mu g/mL, respectively) and MeOH extracts (IC50=5.04 +/- 0.07 and 28.80 +/- 0.09 mu g/mL, respectively) showed relatively high antioxidant activity. The MeOH extract showed better antidiabetic activity than the standard compound, acarbose (IC50=0.544 and 0.805 mg/mL, respectively).

Automated summary

Geographic conditions affect the chemical composition of propolis, necessitating further research in different regions. This study evaluated the phenolic profile, total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of Pulumur propolis from Turkey. Analysis of the propolis extracts showed that caffeic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound in the methanol extract, while the chloroform extract had the highest total phenolic content. Both the chloroform and methanol extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity, and the methanol extract demonstrated better antidiabetic activity compared to the standard compound acarbose.