Thresholds for radiation induced mutation? The Muller-Evans debate: A turning point for cancer risk assessment

Article Environmental Sciences

Manhattan Project genetic studies: Flawed research discredits LNT recommendations

Edward J. Calabrese et al.

Summary: This paper reexamines the technical report of Uphoff and Stern (1949) in Science that supported a linearity dose response for radiation risk assessment. It demonstrates the research's limitations in accurately estimating radiation risks due to the inclusion of two variables and the use of a low dose rate that precluded adequate testing. The failure to subject the study's experimental details to peer-review and publication impacted the adoption of the linear dose response model.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2023)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Linear non-threshold (LNT) fails numerous toxicological stress tests: Implications for continued policy use

Edward J. Calabrese

Summary: This study conducted a series of stress tests on the linear non-threshold (LNT) dose-response model and found significant limitations in its use for low-dose cancer risk assessment. The model's ability to predict low-dose cancer risks was found to be seriously flawed, rendering it unreliable.

CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS (2022)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Ethical challenges of the linear non-threshold (LNT) cancer risk assessment revolution: History, insights, and lessons to be learned

Edward J. Calabrese et al.

Summary: This paper provides a historical review and evaluation of the linear non-threshold (LNT) dose-response model for cancer risk assessment. It highlights the bias and improper editorial practices that led to the institutionalization of LNT in US governmental agencies and the adoption of LNT in scientific journals. The paper also discusses the negative impact of covering up experimental cancer data and how these events have influenced cancer risk assessment practices and decisions for decades.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology