4.7 Article

Formation of Fe(IV) over a wide pH range via iron-carbon composite-catalyzed persulfate activation

Journal

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume 461, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.141951

Keywords

Low -temperature pyrolysis; Iron -carbon composites; Persulfate; High-valent iron; Potassium butyl xanthate

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Fe(IV) formation and PS activation in biochar/PS systems under a wide range of pH conditions were investigated using Fe-BC250. It was found that Fe-BC250/PS system showed superior performance in contaminant removal under alkaline conditions due to the slow release of Fe2+ and the formation of Fe(IV). This study provides new insights into Fe(IV) formation mechanism and highlights the potential application of low-cost iron-carbon composites in water treatment.
Fe(IV) is typically formed under acidic or neutral conditions while its formation mechanism and impacts on pollutant decomposition have been overlooked, particularly in persulfate (PS) systems. In this study, an ironcarbon composite (Fe-BC250) was prepared at a low-temperature (250 degrees C) to explore the PS activation and Fe (IV) formation processes under a wide range of pH conditions. Fe(IV) was the main reactive species in the ironcarbon composite/PS system, and Fe species promoted the graphitization of biochars. The existence of Fe(IV) in the Fe-BC250/PS system was identified by in situ Raman, Mo center dot ssbauer spectrum, and methyl phenyl sulfoxide probe (PMSO) experiments. Under alkaline conditions, the solution pH decreased because hydrolyzed Fe2+ generated H+, and surface Fe(II) reacted with PS to form Fe(IV). The Fe-BC250/PS system was superior in removing contaminants under alkaline conditions compared to the Fe2+/PS system, due to the slow release of Fe2+ from Fe-BC250. This study offers new insights into the Fe(IV) formation mechanism in biochar/PS systems under a wide range of pH conditions and provides a theoretical basis for applying low-cost iron-carbon composites in water treatment.

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