4.7 Article

Single-layer organic photovoltaics fabricated via solution-based electrical doping of ternary bulk heterojunction films

Journal

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume 466, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143340

Keywords

Organic photovoltaics; Single -layer geometry; Electrical doping; Phosphomolybdic acid; Ternary bulk heterojunction; Indoor energy harvesting

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The commercial viability of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can be improved by simplifying device geometry and fabrication complexity. By using solution-based p-type electrical doping, efficient single-layer OPVs can be realized. Post-process immersion in a 12-molybdophosphoric acid hydrate (PMA) solution reduces trap density and charge recombination without changing the BHJ morphology, enabling the fabrication of high-performance single-layer OPVs with economic top electrode metals.
The commercial viability of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can be improved by simplifying their device geometry and easing fabrication complexity. Here, we demonstrate that solution-based p-type electrical doping of ternary bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films, which comprise 2 donor polymers and 1 fullerene acceptor (2D:1A), enables the realization of efficient single-layer OPVs. Systematic and detailed investigations of the optoelectronic charac-teristics of films with varying donor ratios, and their photovoltaic performance, demonstrate p-type electrical doping via post-process immersion into a 12-molybdophosphoric acid hydrate (PMA) solution, resulting in a reduced trap density and charge recombination without significantly changing the BHJ morphology. Further-more, PMA doping of films comprising optimized ternary blend compositions and polyethylenimine enables the demonstration of single-layer OPVs with economic top electrode metals and a high level of performance under outdoor and indoor illumination conditions. These PMA-doped 2D:1A BHJ films are an attractive platform to reduce the efficiency-cost gap and accelerate the commercialization of OPVs for emerging applications.

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