Deletion of the transcriptional regulator TFAP4 accelerates c-MYC-driven lymphomagenesis

Many lymphoid malignancies arise from deregulated c-MYC expression in cooperation with additional genetic lesions. While many of these cooperative genetic lesions have been discovered and their functions characterised, DNA sequence data of primary patient samples suggest that many more do exist. However, the nature of their contributions to c-MYC driven lymphomagenesis have not yet been investigated. We identified TFAP4 as a potent suppressor of c-MYC driven lymphoma development in a previous genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in primary cells in vivo [1]. CRISPR deletion of TFAP4 in E mu-MYC transgenic haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and transplantation of these manipulated HSPCs into lethally irradiated animals significantly accelerated c-MYC-driven lymphoma development. Interestingly, TFAP4 deficient E mu-MYC lymphomas all arose at the pre-B cell stage of B cell development. This observation prompted us to characterise the transcriptional profile of pre-B cells from pre-leukaemic mice transplanted with E mu-MYC/Cas9 HSPCs that had been transduced with sgRNAs targeting TFAP4. This analysis revealed that TFAP4 deletion reduced expression of several master regulators of B cell differentiation, such as Spi1, SpiB and Pax5, which are direct target genes of both TFAP4 and MYC. We therefore conclude that loss of TFAP4 leads to a block in differentiation during early B cell development, thereby accelerating c-MYC-driven lymphoma development.

Automated summary

Many lymphoid malignancies result from abnormal c-MYC expression along with other genetic abnormalities. While many of these genetic abnormalities have been discovered, there may still be others that have not been investigated. In this study, TFAP4 was identified as a suppressor of c-MYC driven lymphoma development. Deletion of TFAP4 accelerated lymphoma development and blocked differentiation during early B cell development.