Barrier permeation and improved nanomedicine delivery in tumor microenvironments

Nanomedicines can effectively penetrate tumor sites compared to traditionally used drugs. However, effective drugs that reach the interior of tumors remain limited. Based on studies of the complex tumor microenvironment, we summarized the barriers restricting tumor penetration of nanomedicines in this review. Penetration barriers are mainly caused by tumor blood vessels, stroma, and cell abnormalities. The repair of abnormal tumor blood vessels and tumor stroma and adjusting the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are considered prom-ising strategies to improve the tumor permeation of nanomedicines. The effects of nanoparticle properties, including size, shape, and surface charge, on tumor penetration were also reviewed. We expect to provide research ideas and a scientific basis for nanomedicines to increase intratumoral permeability and improve anti-tumor effects.

Automated summary

This review summarizes the barriers that limit the penetration of nanomedicines into tumors and proposes strategies to improve tumor permeation. Repairing abnormal tumor blood vessels and tumor stroma, as well as adjusting the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, are considered promising approaches. The effects of nanoparticle properties, such as size, shape, and surface charge, on tumor penetration are also discussed. This review aims to provide research ideas and a scientific basis for enhancing intratumoral permeability and improving anti-tumor effects of nanomedicines.