Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Racial and Ethnic Survival Disparities in Oral Cavity and Laryngeal Cancer

Background: Oral cavity cancer (OCC) and laryngeal cancer are among the most common cancers worldwide. This study investigated survival in non-Hispanic (NH) Black, NH White, Asian, and Hispanic patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer of low, intermediate, and high neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES). Methods: We used data from the SEER 18 Census Tract-level SES and Rurality Database of the National Cancer Institute to create cohorts of OCC and laryngeal cancer patients from 2013 to 2018. Univariate survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank P values by nSES and then the cross-classification of race, ethnicity, and nSES. We used Cox propor-tional hazards regression model for multivariable analysis. Results: Higher nSES was associated with better OCC survival for NH White, NH Black, and Asian patients, and better laryngeal cancer survival for NH White, NH Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients. In the multivariable analyses of both OCC and laryngeal cancer survival, NH Black patients had worse survival than NH White patients in the high nSES tertile. NH Black patients with OCC were at higher risk of death than NH White patients at all nSES levels. Conversely, Asian patients with laryngeal cancer demon-strated better survival than other races within the high nSES. Conclusions: Overall survival differs between racial and ethnic groups of similar nSESs. These health disparities in patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer reflect broader inequities in the cancer control continuum. Impact: The cross-classification of race, ethnicity, and nSES revealed disparities in the 5-year overall survival of patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer and highlights the importance of inter-sectionality in the discussion of health equity.

Automated summary

This study examined the survival rates of patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC) and laryngeal cancer based on race, ethnicity, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES). The results showed that higher nSES was associated with better survival rates for non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Asian patients with OCC and laryngeal cancer. However, non-Hispanic Black patients had worse survival rates than non-Hispanic White patients, and Asian patients had better survival rates than other races within the high nSES group. These findings highlight the importance of considering intersectionality in discussions of health equity.